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In Macedonian and Bulgarian, the non-resultative and non-taxic past tenses are divided
into paradigms that are traditionally labeled the
definite past and the
indefinite past. These
correspond quite well to the (rather inappropriately named)
görülen geçmiş zaman (seen past
tense) and
duyulan geçmiş zaman (heard/perceived/reported past tense) in Turkish. Under a
theory that employs confirmativity as the relevant feature, these forms are more appropriately
described as a simple past, which is positively marked for confirmativity, and a perfect, which is
unmarked for confirmativity. Examples of the 3rd singular past tense of the verb ‘do’ in three
languages of the Balkans are given in the Table 7:
Table 7: Past and Perfect in Balkan Languages
past [+
CONFIRMATIVE
]
perfect [Ø
CONFIRMATIVE
]
Bulgarian
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