Federal political system resolve the problem of premature dissolutions of government in

2.6.4 Determining Comparative Observations 
According to the concept of 'contrarian challenge', the comparativist is expected to 
only consider differences and ignore the similarities.
78
However, without grounds of 
similarity, any analysis of comparison is futile, for example, without the USA and 
Pakistan having a similar state structure, the application of the proposed system to 
the latter would not be practicable or convincing. The researcher is therefore more 
inclined to agree with Schmitthoff, according to whom similarities are the main 
focus of comparability.
79
This step assembles all the discoveries and draws a realistic conclusion. The focus 
in this step is on the key points. The questions below are answered taking into 
consideration similarities and differences in the legal systems.
80
The approach to comparative analysis in Chapter 5 is, as explained above, both 
structural and functional and involves answering the questions raised in the 
preceding paragraphs. However, as there is a large number of such questions, in 
order to make them practically useful, they have been merged and summarised as: 
What is the basis and the meaning of the similarity and differences and 
how do these translate across legal cultures? 
77
ibid 461. 
78
Pierre Legrand, 'How to Compare Now' (1996) 16(2) Legal Studies 232, 242. 
79
M Schmitthoff, 'The Science of Comparative Law' (1939) 7(1) The Cambridge Law Journal 94, 96. 
80
Edward Eberle, 'The Method and Role of Comparative Law' (2009) 8(3) Washington University 
Global Studies Law Review 464. 

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According to the researcher’s position and in line with Schmitthoff, points of 
commonalities between two states are required to conduct a thorough and useful 
comparative analysis of the presence or absence of the key democratic federal 
factors and their application in the political systems of Pakistan and the USA. The 
investigation in this thesis has narrowed down the key points of similarities as the 
structure (state/government) of both countries.
In this question, the 'basis' refers to the rationale for the researcher’s selection of 
the key points for comparison, which is the pragmatic implementation of the 
proposed political system, since a political system operates in a state and by 
extension in a government. It is therefore important to conduct a structural 
comparative analysis between the state and government structure of both countries. 
The 'meaning' in this question refers to the parameters of comparison of key points 
between the comparing countries. The outcome of the first stage analysis defined 
and set the parameters for the comparative analysis, i.e. the key factors of 
democratic federalism. The similarity in state structure shown in Chapter 5 reveals 
the implied presence of, or tendency towards, these key factors. The study of 
similarity or difference is therefore important for both states in terms of their origin, 
how they evolved, how, why and if they adopted these key factors.