Federal political system resolve the problem of premature dissolutions of government in

6.2 Recommendations for policy and future research.
In order to implement the recommendations made in this thesis, a detailed 
implementation study will be required to inform future policy. This will involve 
feasibility but could also investigate public opinion about the proposed changes. 
Changing a political system requires substantial changes to the constitutional law, 
which can be a challenging task. It not only requires an absolute majority, but, in 
most cases, unanimity, otherwise it may not work. This unanimity will be facilitated 
by the changes in perspective amongst those involved in implementing change 
suggested as part of the contribution to practice. 
410
The Civil Procedure Codes 1908, as the year suggests, Pakistan was not even formed at the time. 
411
The Pakistan Penal Code 1860 and Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, as the years suggest, 
Pakistan was not even formed at the time. 
412
Evidence Act 1872. However this was amended in 1984 and renamed the Qanoon-e-Shahadat 
Order. It is, however, almost the same document word for word. 

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A detailed implementation study will ensure that future policy is robust and 
evidence-based. Factors that will need to be considered include: 
• Which body shall prepare and make recommendations for the new 
constitution, for example should this be the existing constituent assembly? 
What should be the membership of such a body?
• Which body should commission and provide the terms of reference for the 
new constituent assembly, for example, should this be all political parties 
with the support of the military? 
• As a result of the reforms, who should be the chief executive and head of 
state, since, under a Democratic Federal Political System, both are one, then 
the question is which office shall be dissolved. 
• Whether Pakistan should assume a completely new constitution or introduce 
a substantial amendment to the existing one? 
• What will happen to the existing offices and elected members, will they serve 
out their time or be removed immediately? 
• Should there be transitional provisions and if so, what should those 
transitional provisions be? 
• What is the scope and likelihood of the risk that a ruling party would seek 
re-election after the new system has been implemented to legitimise their 
mandate? 
Although the implementation stage will require further research and feasibility 
studies on the points listed above, however, it may be appropriate for the 
implementation study to use a detailed proposal as a consultation benchmark. The 
researcher proposes that this benchmark could be as follows. 
All parties (ruling and opposition) should agree with the military leadership to form 
a constituent assembly whose sole task shall be to give the country its new 
constitution under the Democratic Federal Political System. The timing of this is 
crucial and a good time to do this will be at the end of the government’s term when 
as a matter of usual practice, a caretaker government is formed for three months. 
An exception should be made to extend the tenure of the caretaker government to 
nine months so that the constituent assembly can finish its work under an impartial 
government. The caretaker government would then introduce the new constitution 
which would fully incorporate the Democratic Federal Political System. 

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A date should then be decided when all the elections – for the lower house, the 
upper house and the president - are announced at the same time to save 
unnecessary costs and time delay. Obviously subsequent elections cannot be 
synchronised since the terms will be different: for the lower house two years, for the 
upper house three years initially and then six years going forward and for the 
president four years. These dates will be set in a manner for the future so that none 
of these ever overlap. 
Other major changes will include the offices of Chief Ministers, the abolition of the 
role of the Prime Minister and the number of upper house members being confined 
to two per federating unit (so as to address the issue of disparity of representation).
Further research into the implementation of the reforms discussed in this thesis 
will inevitably be required. Such a project will require an in-depth understanding of 
the function of different machineries within the government so as to be able to 
recommend transition and complete enactment of the new system. The researcher 
would like to be in a position to carry this out himself but recognises that others 
might be commissioned to do so. 
The researcher does not underestimate the challenge presented by his proposals.
Nevertheless, it is his view, and his hope, that with the knowledge presented by this 
thesis, and the call to practitioners to take on wider and more creative approaches 
to law reform, a more stable, and fairer, Pakistan will be the result. 

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