GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii
..Scope 1
.. Scope 1
..background 1
.. background 1
1.1 The Citrus Industry in Australia 2
1.1 The Citrus Industry in Australia 2
1.2 The Citrus Industry in Egypt 3
1.2 The Citrus Industry in Egypt 3
1.2.1. Citrus Production Areas in Egypt 3
1.2.2. Harvesting Periods for Egyptian Citrus 5
1.2.3. Exports of Citrus from Egypt 5
1.3 Current Australian Quarantine Protocols for Citrus Imports 6
1.3 Current Australian Quarantine Protocols for Citrus Imports 6
1.3.1. Israel 6
1.3.2. New Zealand 7
1.3.3. Spain 7
1.3.4. United States of America 7
..Considerations 7
.. Considerations 7
1.4 Comparison of citrus pests of Egypt and Israel 7
1.4 Comparison of citrus pests of Egypt and Israel 7
..quarantine pests of concern for fresh citrus fruit exports from egypt 9
.. quarantine pests of concern for fresh citrus fruit exports from egypt 9
1.5 Internal Feeding Pests 9
1.5 Internal Feeding Pests 9
1.6 Surface Feeding Pests 10
1.6 Surface Feeding Pests 10
1.7 Fungal Pests 10
1.7 Fungal Pests 10
1.8 Gastropods 12
1.8 Gastropods 12
..Proposed phytosanitary conditions for the importation of citrus from egypt 12
.. Proposed phytosanitary conditions for the importation of citrus from egypt 12
1.9 Orchard Control Program 13
1.9 Orchard Control Program 13
1.9.1. Mediterranean Fruit Fly Control 13
1.9.2. Other pests 14
1.9.3. Registration 14
1.9.4. Packing sheds 14
1.9.5. Washing/ Post-harvest treatment 14
1.9.6. Packaging 15
1.10 Cold Disinfestation 15
1.10 Cold Disinfestation 15
1.10.1. Preshipment Treatment 15
1.10.2. Intransit Treatment 18
1.11 Phytosanitary Certification 20
1.11 Phytosanitary Certification 20
1.12 On Arrival Inspection 21
1.12 On Arrival Inspection 21
1.13 Summary of the Conditions for Citrus Importation from Egypt 21
1.13 Summary of the Conditions for Citrus Importation from Egypt 21
..References 23
.. References 23
APPENDIX 1: PESTS OF CITRUS IN EGYPT AND ISRAEL 25
APPENDIX 2: GASTROPODS (SNAILS) REPORTED IN EGYPT AND ISRAEL 74
APPENDIX 3: DATASHEETS FOR PESTS OF CITRUS IN EGYPT 79
APPENDIX 4: RECORD OF CALIBRATION OF FRUIT SENSORS 139
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii
..Scope 1
.. Scope 1
..background 1
.. background 1
1.1 The Citrus Industry in Australia 2
1.1 The Citrus Industry in Australia 2
1.2 The Citrus Industry in Egypt 3
1.2 The Citrus Industry in Egypt 3
1.2.1. Citrus Production Areas in Egypt 3
1.2.2. Harvesting Periods for Egyptian Citrus 5
1.2.3. Exports of Citrus from Egypt 5
1.3 Current Australian Quarantine Protocols for Citrus Imports 6
1.3 Current Australian Quarantine Protocols for Citrus Imports 6
1.3.1. Israel 6
1.3.2. New Zealand 7
1.3.3. Spain 7
1.3.4. United States of America 7
..Considerations 7
.. Considerations 7
1.4 Comparison of citrus pests of Egypt and Israel 7
1.4 Comparison of citrus pests of Egypt and Israel 7
..quarantine pests of concern for fresh citrus fruit exports from egypt 9
.. quarantine pests of concern for fresh citrus fruit exports from egypt 9
1.5 Internal Feeding Pests 9
1.5 Internal Feeding Pests 9
1.6 Surface Feeding Pests 10
1.6 Surface Feeding Pests 10
1.7 Fungal Pests 10
1.7 Fungal Pests 10
1.8 Gastropods 12
1.8 Gastropods 12
..Proposed phytosanitary conditions for the importation of citrus from egypt 12
.. Proposed phytosanitary conditions for the importation of citrus from egypt 12
1.9 Orchard Control Program 13
1.9 Orchard Control Program 13
1.9.1. Mediterranean Fruit Fly Control 13
1.9.2. Other pests 14
1.9.3. Registration 14
1.9.4. Packing sheds 14
1.9.5. Washing/ Post-harvest treatment 14
1.9.6. Packaging 15
1.10 Cold Disinfestation 15
1.10 Cold Disinfestation 15
1.10.1. Preshipment Treatment 15
1.10.2. Intransit Treatment 18
1.11 Phytosanitary Certification 20
1.11 Phytosanitary Certification 20
1.12 On Arrival Inspection 21
1.12 On Arrival Inspection 21
1.13 Summary of the Conditions for Citrus Importation from Egypt 21
1.13 Summary of the Conditions for Citrus Importation from Egypt 21
..References 23
.. References 23
APPENDIX 1: PESTS OF CITRUS IN EGYPT AND ISRAEL 25
APPENDIX 2: GASTROPODS (SNAILS) REPORTED IN EGYPT AND ISRAEL 74
APPENDIX 3: DATASHEETS FOR PESTS OF CITRUS IN EGYPT 79
APPENDIX 4: RECORD OF CALIBRATION OF FRUIT SENSORS 139