Final non-regulated risk analysis report for table grapes from the Republic of Korea


Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests



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Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests


Quarantine pests associated with table grapes from Korea are identified in the pest categorisation process (Appendix A). This chapter assesses the probability of the entry, establishment and spread of these pests and the likelihood of associated potential economic consequences.

Pest categorisation identified 19 quarantine pests associated with table grapes from Korea. Of these, 15 pests are of national concern and 4 are of regional concern. Table 4.1 identifies these quarantine pests and full details of the pest categorisation are given in Appendix A. Additional quarantine pest data are given in Appendix B. Assessments of risks associated with these pests are presented in this chapter. Pests are listed or grouped according to their taxonomic classification, consistent with Appendix A and Appendix B.



Table 4.1 Quarantine pests for table grapes from Korea

Pest

Common name

Spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Tetranychus kanzawai WA, EP

Kanzawa spider mite

Ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Harmonia axyridis EP

harlequin ladybird

Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Popillia mutans EP

scarab beetle

Popillia quadriguttata EP

Chinese rose beetle

Fruit fly (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Drosophila suzukii EP

spotted winged drosophila

Phylloxera (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae)

Daktulosphaira vitifoliae EP

grape phylloxera

Soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

Parthenolecanium corni WA, EP

European fruit lecanium scale

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Planococcus kraunhiae EP

Japanese mealybug

Pseudococcus comstocki EP

Comstock’s mealybug

Leafroller moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Eupoecilia ambiguella EP

European grape berry moth

Sparganothis pilleriana EP

leaf rolling tortrix

Moth (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae)

Nippoptilia vitis EP

grape plume moth

Moth (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae)

Stathmopoda auriferella EP

apple heliodinid

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Frankliniella occidentalis NT, EP

western flower thrips

Fungi

Monilinia fructigena EP

brown rot

Physalospora baccae EP

grape cluster black rot

Phakopsora euvitis EP

grapevine leaf rust

Phomopsis viticola WA, EP

phomopsis cane and leaf spot

Viruses

Tomato ringspot virus EP




WA. Regional pest for the state of Western Australia.

NT. Regional pest for the Northern Territory.

EP: Species has been assessed previously and import policy already exists.

Pest risk assessments were completed to determine whether the risk posed by each pest exceeds Australia’s ALOP and thus whether phytosanitary measures are required to manage the risk. Pest risk assessments already existed for all of the pests considered here as they have been assessed previously by Biosecurity Australia. The pest risk assessments considered in this report assess the change to the likelihood of entry (importation) from previous assessments due to differences in the country assessed. This type of assessment is reflected in the introduction and layout of the risk assessments that follow. In this import risk analysis the superscript ‘EP’ is used for pests that have previously been assessed and a policy already exists.

Some pests identified in this assessment have been recorded in only some regions of Australia, and due to interstate quarantine regulations are considered pests of regional concern. These organisms are identified with a superscript, such as ‘NT’, or ‘WA’, for the state for which the regional pest status is considered.

The unrestricted risk estimate (URE) for each quarantine pest is based on the assumption that table grapes are produced for export without fruit bagging. Biosecurity Australia considers there may be situations either currently or in the future where the practice of bagging may not be consistent, feasible or commercially viable. This approach is consistent with that taken on previous IRAs on apples and pears from China and other countries where fruit bagging is used. This approach also ensures consistency in the assessment of similar pests on table grapes between IRAs in countries where bagging is not used.

Grapes harvested, packed, stored and transported for export to Australia may need to travel variable distances to ports. Depending on the port of departure and arrival it could take several weeks for general sea freight from Korea to Australia. Grapes could potentially be air freighted from Korea to Australia within about a week from harvest. While the unrestricted risk assessments undertaken in this risk analysis do not impose any mandatory measures during storage and transport, common commercial practices may impact on the survival of some pests. If these conditions are applied to all consignments for a minimum period of time, then those conditions can be considered as part of the unrestricted risk assessment. As the minimum period in storage and transport after harvest is likely to be around one week, with an optimal cool chain temperature of 0–2 ºC, the impact of these conditions on pests has been broadly but conservatively considered.


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