Final report for the non-regulated analysis of existing policy for table grapes from Sonora, Mexico

Final report for the non-regulated analysis of existing policy for table grapes from Sonora, Mexico

November 2016

© Commonwealth of Australia 2016

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Cataloguing data

Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources 2016, Final report for the non-regulated analysis of existing policy for table grapes from Sonora, Mexico, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra.

This publication is available at agriculture.gov.au.

Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources

GPO Box 858 Canberra ACT 2601

Switchboard: [phone] or 1800 900 090

Facsimile: [phone]

Email: [e-mail]

Liability

The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence and for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Contents

Contents iii

Figures iv

Tables v

Maps v

Acronyms and abbreviations viii

Summary 1

1Introduction 3

1.1Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 3

1.2This risk analysis 3

2Method for pest risk analysis 6

2.1Stage 1 Initiation 6

2.2Stage 2 Pest risk assessment 7

2.3Stage 3 Pest risk management 14

3Sonora’s commercial production practices for table grapes 16

3.1Assumptions used in estimating unrestricted risk 16

3.2Climate in production areas 16

3.3Pre-harvest 19

3.4Harvesting and handling procedures 24

3.5Post-harvest 26

3.6Export capability 31

4Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests 33

4.1Harlequin ladybird 36

4.2Fruit flies 37

4.3Spotted wing drosophila 38

4.4Grapevine phylloxera 39

4.5Plant bugs 40

4.6European fruit lecanium 41

4.7Mealybugs 42

4.8Citrus peelminer 43

4.9Omnivorous leafroller 44

4.10Thrips 45

4.11Kanzawa spider mite 46

4.12Black rot 47

4.13 Phomopsis cane and leaf spot 48

4.14Pest risk assessment conclusions 49

5Pest risk management 52

5.1Pest risk management measures 52

5.2Operational system for the maintenance and verification of phytosanitary status. 61

5.3Uncategorised pests 65

5.4Review of processes 65

5.5Meeting Australia’s food laws 65

6Conclusion 67

Appendix A Initiation and categorisation for pests of fresh table grapes from Sonora, Mexico 68

Appendix B Issues raised in stakeholder comments 130

Glossary 131

References 135

Figures

Figure 1 Diagram of grape bunch vii

Figure 2 Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall in the main table grape producing municipalities of Sonora 18

Figure 3 Black Seedless 19

Figure 4 Flame Seedless 20

Figure 5 Sugarone 20

Figure 6 Perlette 21

Figure 7 Red Globe 21

Figure 8 Y-trellis system 22

Figure 9 Picker harvesting table grape bunches 24

Figure 10 Field packing of table grapes at the end of the row 25

Figure 11 Stacks of field packed table grapes awaiting collection 25

Figure 12 Plastic tubs of table grapes awaiting collection to be packed in the packing house 26

Figure 13 External view of a packing house for field packed table grapes 27

Figure 14 Boxes of field packed table grapes arriving at the packing house 27

Figure 15 Inside a packing house for field packed table grapes 27

Figure 16 Tubs of table grapes arriving at the packing house for packing 28

Figure 17 Packing house for packing house packed table grapes 28

Figure 18 Packing line in a packing house 28

Figure 19 Cold store facility adjacent to a packing house 29

Figure 20 Consignments of palletised table grapes in a cool room awaiting transport 29

Figure 21 Summary of vineyard and post-harvest steps for table grapes grown in Sonora for export 30