Folklor instituti

Kлючевсе слова: Синцзянь-Уйгур, литература, фольk­лор, современная драматургия, театр, опера
DEVELOPMENT OF LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE BY UYGHUR TURKS

Abstract: A distance of 4 thousand kilometers separates Xin­jaing-Uyghur Autonomous Region of China People’s Re­public (Xinjaing Uyghur Autonomous region) from Azer­bai­jan. Probably, either our unique origin or historical proces­ses determined similarities in our fates. Although our relations do not catch up with today’s world speed, titles of our literary works and their contents resemble based on the fact that we have blood-memory. Most of our toponyms and special names are the same.

Today our compatriots living in China are called Uyghurs, while we are called Azerbaijanis. Seperate (almost isolated from each other) history, history of literature, history of lan­guage was created for each of us. In fact until the twentieth century the difference between the Uyghur and the Uzbek literature was as bigger as the difference between the literature of Azerbaijani Turks and the Ottoman Turks. For this reason they were mostly called Oghuz and Jighatay. These two groups had minor differences. It is possible to encounter works written in Jighatay Turkic by our poets from the nineteenth century whereas Uzbek poets created several works in Oghuz Turkic until the twentieth century.

Political events in the world, plans of ruling strategists which kept us under influence served to deepen the differences we had. Thus, such terms as Uyghur literature, Uyghur prose, Uyghur poetry, Uyghur drama, etc. emerged. The Uyghur wri­ters mas­tered genres of European literature by observing the world development either with the help of their brothers who were under Russian influence or directly through Russia. As a result modern Uyghur drama and Uyghur theatre emerged lea­ding to the fame of Uyghur dramaturgy. Nowadays Uyghur language and literature develops in Xinjiang Uyghur Autono­mous Region, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kirgizs, Tatars, Uzbeks, Salurs and Sari Uyghur Turks belon­ging to the same language family along with us live in the north of China.

The article focuses on Uyghur folklore and written lite­rature. The writers such as Abdurehim Nizari (1776-1849), Sa­dir Palvan (1798-1871), Turdush Akhun Gheribi (XIX), Noruz Akhun Ziyati (XIX), Bilal Nazim (1824-99), Molla Shakir (1825-98), Abdukhalik Uyğur (1901-33), Nimshehit (1906-72), Zunun Gadiri (1911-89), Ahmet Ziyati (1913-89), Khevir Tomur (1922-91), Lutpulla Mutallip (1922-45), Abdurrehim Otkur (1923), Abdushukur Muhammatimin (1934-95), Abdu­ke­rim Khoja (1928-88), Teyupjan Aliyop (1930-89), Muham­matcan Sadik (1934), Geyum Turdi (1937-97), Zordun Sabir (1937-98), Gurban Barat (1939), Muhəmmətcan Rashidin (1940), Akhet Turdi (1940), Boghda Abdulla (1941), Jalalidin Bahram (1942), Tursun Yunus (1942), Ruzi Sayit (1943-2001), Imin Akhmedi (1944), Mamtimin Hoshur (1944), Tursuncan Litıp (1945), Tokhti Ayup (1945), Osmanjan Savut (1946), Nurmuhammet Tokhti (1949), Abdulla Savut (1950), Akhmet Imin (1950), Ebaydulla Ibrahim (1951), Khalida Israil (1952), Muhammet Baghrash (1952), Akhtem Omar (1963) who represent this literature struggled hard for the develop­ment of Uyghur language and for the formation of public opinion.