G azərbaycan respublikasi təHSİl naziRLİYİ azərbaycan texniKİ universiteti M. M. QƏNDİLova e. Q. İsmayilova

JOKES, LAUGHS, SMILES

Challenge

“If I challenge you to a duel what weapons would you select?”

“If it ever came to a choice of weapons against you, I would choose grammar”

A Witty Student
Teacher, “If you were getting dinner for six people and had but five potatoes, how would you divide them to give each one an equal share?”

Sadie, “I’d mash them.”

PART II

UNIT I

Wear your learning like your watch

in a private pocket and don’t pull it

out and strike it, merely to show

that you have one.

Chesterfield Philip

AUTOMATION AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL

(Part I)

“Automation” is a modern term signifying the use of machines to do work that formerly had to be done by people. What used to be called labor saving or mechanization has now been called automation.

Any tool may be a form of automation provided it helps people work more easily, better, or more quickly. Provided the tool can do its work without requiring human guidance it may be called a higher form of labor saving.

A machine language of some sort is the information of every higher form of automation. Punched cards represent a machine language as does punched paper tape.

The computer is a very high speed adding and subtracting machine. However, it is not the thinking machine as it is sometimes called. Everything it does other than adding and subtracting is the result of man’s ingenuity. The design of newer equipment with greater usefulness and capabilities is bringing about an ever increasing growth in the development. The reason is twofold. Firstly, automatic controls relieve man of many monotonous activities, so that he can devote his abilities to another occupation. Secondly, modern complex controls can perform functions which are beyond the physical abilities of man. For example, an elaborate automatic control system operates the engine of a modern jet airplane with only a minimum amount of the pilot’s attention, so that he is free to fly his airplane.

It is important that the design and development of automatic control systems be a principal concern of an engineer.

In recent years automatic systems have been rapidly advancing in importance in all fields of engineering. The applications of control systems cover a very wide scope, ranging from the design of precision control devices, such as sensitive instruments used for inertial guidance, to the design of the equipment used for controlling the manufacture of some industrial processes. New applications for automatic controls are continually being discovered.