G azərbaycan respublikasi təHSİl naziRLİYİ azərbaycan texniKİ universiteti M. M. QƏNDİLova e. Q. İsmayilova

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXT
The Nature of Electricity
The ancient Greeks knew that when a piece of amber is rubbed with wool or fur it achieves the power of attracting light objects. Later on the phenomenon was studied, and, the word electric, after the Greek work “electron”, meaning amber was used. Many scientists investigated electric phenomena, and during the nineteenth century of electricity, and of magnetism, which is closely related to electricity, were made. It was found that if a sealing wax rod is rubbed with a woolen cloth, and a rod of glass is rubbed with a silken cloth, an electric spark will pass between the sealing-wax rod and the glass rod when they are brought near one another. Moreover, it was found that a force of attraction operates between them. An electrified sealing wax is repelled, however, by a wax rod, and also an electrified glass rod is repelled, however, by a wax rod, and also an electrified glass rod is repelled, by a similar glass rod.

The ideas were developed that there are two kinds of electricity, which were called resinous electricity, and that opposite kinds of electricity attract one another, whereas similar kinds repel one another.

Many methods of making and storing electric charges were discovered during the 18^th century. One of the first was the friction machine. Another was the Leyden Jar for storing electric charge. Benjamin Franklin discovered in 1752 that lightning and electricity were the same.

The first electric cell was made in 1800 by the Italian scientist Volta. The discovery proved that chemical energy could be changed to electrical energy and led to the beginning of electroplating. The first storage battery was made in 1803. The first powerful electromagnet was made by Henry in 1829. Then Michael Faraday found that with the aid of a bar magnet could get a current of electricity in the coil. This is the basic principle of the dynamo and motor.

Generally speaking the discoveries made by scientists in the nineteenth century laid a firm foundation for future generations.