G azərbaycan respublikasi təHSİl naziRLİYİ azərbaycan texniKİ universiteti M. M. QƏNDİLova e. Q. İsmayilova

Isaac Newton
Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. In this youth he was known as a “silent, thinking boy.” His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.

After school, he studied mathematics at Cambridge University. His main interests were mathematics, electrical mechanics, and physical optics. In 1665, he received his degree. Then the university was closed, because of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries- the discoveries of the differential calculus’s, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation. Most people already knew that the planets moved endlessly round the sun, but nobody could explain what kept them moving. Newton showed that the motions of the planets were the natural result of universal laws of nature. His great work “Principia” was published in 1687. In this book, Newton clarified all that he had discovered about the movements of planets and their satellites.

Newton showed how thee mass of the sun, could be calculated from the speed and distance of any planet. He calculated the force of gravity between the sun and the planets, and the quantity of matter in all these objects. He found the true size and figure of earth. He proved that mechanical laws acting on the earth are connected with ones of the whole universe.

These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colors of a rainbow but only Newton showed. By experiments, that white light consists of these colours.

It is interesting how he opened the law of gravitation. Once, as he sat in the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such a usual thing before. But it was Newton who asked himself a question: “why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn’t it go sideward or upwards?” the answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.

Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, his monument is there today.