From the History of Electronics
The realm of electronics of today influences almost every aspect of human activity, it was in the beginning of last century that the basic idea, which was to develop into one of the astonishing sciences of our time, was conceived. It was Italian scientist Marconi, who discovered the principle of wireless communication that finally led to the development of electronic tubes for use in various communication devices.
In 1904 D. A. Flemming suggested a two-element tube, and in 1907 De Frost invented a three-electrode one. For a long time afterwards electronics was used only for a purpose of communication and for ensuring amplification and transformation of various signals in applied sciences.
Intensive development of radio- location began in the early forties. All these years the vacuum tube was the heart of electronics and, hence, the field of electronics was usually defined as the study of the motion of electrons in vacuum tubes. However, it was found that small, controlled quantities of gas introduced into a „vacuum tube" could make it perform switching, rectifying and other jobs. To include the category of gas-filled tubes, „vacuum tubes" became converted to „electron tubes" and the science of electronics was expanded to include the study of electron motion in gases.
The first semiconductor triode was invented in 1948. It meant another important advanced in the development of electronics. Semiconductors possess a number of valuable advantages over electron vacuum tubes,- miniature dimensions and high reliability. Thus electronics became the study of electron motion in solids. The realm of electronics widened still more. This opened up other fields of application for electronics.
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