G azərbaycan respublikasi təHSİl naziRLİYİ azərbaycan texniKİ universiteti M. M. QƏNDİLova e. Q. İsmayilova

Passive for all tenses

Felin məchul növü (The Passive voice)
Azərbaycan dilində olduğu kimi ingilis dilində də fellər məlum (the Actve voice) və məchul (the Passive voice) növdə olur.

Məlum növdə fel hərəkətin mübtəda tərəfindən icra olunduğunu bildirir, yəni cümlədə hərəkətin icraçısı mübtəda olur. Məsələn: I invited all my friends to the party. Məchul növdə isə hərəkətin icraçısı mübtəda olmur, hərəkət mübtəda üzərində icra olunur. Məsələn: They were invited to the party. Göründüyü kimi, bu cümlədə “they” - əvəzliyi mübtədafır, ancaq o hərəkətin icraçısı deyil.

Məchul növdə felin zaman formaları “to be” köməkçi felinin müvafiq zaman forması və əsas felin keçmiş zaman feli sifəti ilə düzəlir. (The Passive voice = to be + PII ). Yəni I The Present Indefennite Passive = to be (am, is, are) + PII.

I am aften invited to their country house.

You are invited

He

Is invited

She
We

You are invited

The

II. The Past Indefinite Passive = to be (was, where) + P II

I was invited to the party yesterday.

You were invited to the party yesterday.

He/she was invited to the party yesterday.
We were invited to the party yesterday.

You were invited to the party yesterday.

They were invited to the party yesterday.
III. The Future Indefinite Passive = to be (shall be? Will be) + PII

I shall be invited there tomorrow.

You will be invited there tomorrow.

She/he will be invited there tomorrow.

We will be invited there tomorrow.

You will be invited there tomorrow.

They will be invited there tomorrow.
IV. The Present Continous Passive = to be (am being, is being, are being) + PII

I am being called We are being called

You are being called You are being called

She/he is being called They are being called

V. The Past Continuous Passive = to be (was being, were being) + PII

I was being called We were being called

You were being called You were being called

She/he was being called They were being called

VI. The Present Perfect Passive = to be (have been, has been) + PII

I have been invited to the party party today

You have been invited to the party today

She/he has been invited to the party today

We have been invited to the party today

You have been invited to the party today

They have been invited to the party today
VII. The Past Perfect Passive = to be (had been) + PII

I had been invited We had been invited

You had been invited You had been invited

She/he had been invited They had been invited

VIII. The Future Perfect Passive = to be (shall have been, will have been) + PII

I shall have been invited We will have been invited

You will have been invited You will have been invited

She/he will have been invited They will have been invited

Bitmiş zamanın davamedici formaları məchul növdə işlə­dil­mir.

Məlum növdə olan cümlələri məchul növə çevirərkən aşağıdakı qaydalara əməl edilməlidir:

I Məlum növdə olan cümlənin tamamlığı məchul növdəki cümlənin mübtədası olur.

II. Cümlənin xəbəri müvafiq zaman formasında olur.

III. Məlum növdə olan cülənin mübtədası məchul növdə cümlənin tamamlığı olur. Məsələn:

mübtəda tamamlıq

She has written this article

mübtəda tamamlıq

This article has been üritten by her