G azərbaycan respublikasi təHSİl naziRLİYİ azərbaycan texniKİ universiteti M. M. QƏNDİLova e. Q. İsmayilova



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Plural nouns




Rule I: consonant + y ------- consonant + ies



Lady women/ladies

Secretary ______

Baby _______
Rule II: s-------- ses

ch -------ches

sh ------ shes

x ------- xes



Bus buses

Box ______

Watch ______

Dish ______



Rule III: f(e) ---------- ves



Leaf leaves
Wife _______ Exception: roof - roofs

Shelf _______

Knife _______



Rule IV: all other endings----------- + s



Day days

Radio _______

Shoe _______

Price _______

Page _______
Plural nouns: Irregular forms

Singular

Plural

One man

A woman


One goose

One child

A person

A foot


One tooth

A mouse


A fish

That sheep



Six men

Five women

Three geese

Four children

Several people

Two feet


Many teeth

Three mice

Two fish

Those sheep





Exercise I. Write the plural forms of the words.

1. Lady ______

2. Fish _______

3. Watch _______

4. Day _______

5. Knife _______

6. Mouse _______

7. Man _______

8. Child _______

9. Secretary _______

10. Person _______

11. Tooth _______

12. Foot _______

13. Boy _______

14. Wife _______

15. Saleswoman _______





This / that
These /those

Singular noun
Plural noun


Examples: This table isn’t cheap.

These tables aren’t cheap.
Exercise II. Complete the sentence with this, that, these, or those.

  1. ______ telephone is new.

  2. ______ pens are not cheap.

  3. ______ clock is from Germany.

  4. ______ tape recorders are Japanese.

  5. ______ computer is expensive.

  6. ______ letters are important.

  7. ______ books are from Canada.


Exercise III. Make the sentences plural.

Example: This car is big.

These cars are big.


  1. This boy is a student.

  2. Is that letter for Mr. Brown?

  3. This box is grey and white

  1. That picture is of London.

  1. Is that postcard from Spain?

  2. This paper is on the floor.

  3. Who is that girl?

  4. This car isn’t in the garage.

  5. Whose pencil is that?

  6. Is this answer right or wrong?


Exercise IV. Make the nouns and the verb “to be” plural.

Example: Is the pen from Italy?

Are the pens from Italy?


  1. How much is the pencil?

  2. Where is your friend from?

  3. Is the package for me?

  4. The match is bad.

  5. The shop is open.

  6. The radio is over there.

  7. The student is speaking English.

  8. The boy is listening to music.


Dialogues

At the hotel

A

Receptionist: Good evening, sir. May I help you?

Mr. Stern: Yes, thanks. This is my reservation.

Receptionist: What’s your name?

Mr. Stern: Stern. My name’s Thomas Stern.

Receptionist: Oh, yes, Mr. Stern. Room 15. Here’s your key.

Mr. Stern: Thank you.

Bellman: Is this your suitcase?

Mr. Stern: No, it isn’t.

Bellman: Oh, is that your suitcase over there?

Mr. Stern: Yes, it is.

B

Receptionist: Hello. May I help you?

Mr. Johnson: Yes, thank you.

Receptionist: What are your names?

Mr. Johnson: Mr. and Mrs. Paul Johnson.

Receptionist: Oh, yes. Here’s your key.

Bellman: Are these your suitcases here?

Mr. Johnson: No, they aren’t.



Bellman: Oh, I’m sorry. Are those your suitcases over there?

Mr. Johnson: Yes, they are.

Bellman: And are those your tennis rackets?

Mr. Johnson: Yes, they are. Thank you.


Color vocabulary
white pink black

orange brown green

blue yellow red


Practice drill

The paper is white.

Grass is green.

Peter has brown hair.

The sky is blue.

Sometimes the sky is light blue.

Sometimes the sky is dark blue.

The flowers are pink and blue.


Colors in Nature
Beauty in nature is seen everywhere. Nature is full of colors. Color, however, for animals, birds, and insects is not only for beauty. It means life to them, because it helps them hide from their enemies.

Birds, for example, use their color to tell other bird to keep away from their nests. They sing and move their wings to show their color as warning to other birds.

One kind of butterflies is orange and black. They have a bad taste to birds. Once, a bird eats the butterfly it remembers the bad taste, and will never eat another orange and black butterfly.

Some moths use color, to make bird afraid of them. The color or the mark on the moth’s body is a sign to a bird not to eat the moth!



One kind of fish can change its color. The color is the same as the surrounding sea, plants or rocks, and the fish’s enemy can’t see it.

Color is very important to animals in nature! It can save their lives!


Exercise V. Complete the sentences

  1. The color of birds ________ other birds.

a. hide b. save d. warn

  1. The color of some moths is _______ to birds.

a. a sign b. a taste d. a beauty

  1. Some fish can change their _______.

a. bodies b. color d. water

  1. The color of animals, birds, and insects can _____their lives.

a. hide b. warn c. save



Exercise VI. Tell that the speaker is not right.

Example: The coats are blue (dark blue).

Oh. No. They aren’t blue.

They are dark blue.




  1. These hats are grey (black).

  2. Those textbooks are green (red).

  3. Those matches are brown (yellow).

  4. Those shelves are yellow (brown).

  5. Those dresses are pink (purple).


Exercise VII. Answer the questions.

  1. What color is the sky in winter?

  2. What color is the sky in summer?

  3. Is the sun yellow or green?

  4. What color is your room?

  5. What color is your hair?

  6. What color are your shoes?

  7. What is your favorite color?


JOKES, LAUGHS, SMILES
Plural for Goose
Grammar is a problem for Steve. One day just, before New Year he wanted to give his wife a little surprise – a present of two geese. Therefore, he takes a sheet of paper and starts to write an order to the shopkeeper. Here the difficulty begins. At first, he writes, “Please send me two gooses.” Then he changes the order this way: “Please send me two geeses”. It doesn’t sound pretty. Suddenly he gets a bright idea. He writes,

“Please send me a goose.” at the bottom of the paper, he adds, “send me another with it.”



All pronouns
The teacher told the class to write sentences:“ I’m ill, he is ill, she is ill, you are ill, we are ill, they are ill.”

A pupil wrote,” All are ill.”


UNIT II
Autumn is a second spring

when every leaf is a flower.

(Albert Camus )
2a

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