Gender Disparity: Its Manifestations, Causes and Implications

S = α + β₁ L_f + β₂ T + β₃ (WPR)_f + β₄ (PP) + β₅ (HCR) + β₆ C + β₇ (RD) + β₈ (TPF) + β₈

(GGI) + ε
Where α is the constant term, β’s are the parameters to be estimated, and ε is an error term containing, among others, characteristics and preferences and other institutional influences which are not captured in the secondary data;

S = sex ratio (rural or urban);

L = literacy rate for female should have positive sign;

T = time dummy which should have positive sign;

WPR_f = work participation rate should have positive sign;

PP = average purchasing power should have positive sign;

HCR = poverty (head count ratio) should have negative sign;

C = cultural share of female population in the districts which may have any sign;

TPF = share of female population should have positive sign;

RD = regional dummy variable for districts should be positive: = 1, if developed as measured by MPCE; = 0, if backward;

GGI = gross gender inequality should have negative sign.