Gibridlanish
Turi
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SP
Valent burchagi;
180o
Shakli; Chiziqli
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C(karbin), CH2=C=CH2, CO2, CS2, KrF2, BeCl2, BaCl2, C2H2 va uning gomologlari molekulalarining uch bog’li qismi, HCN, ZnCl2, Berilliy birikmalari.
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SP2
Valent burchagi;
120o
Shakli; Burchakli
Teng tomonli uchburchak
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C(grafit), benzol (C6H6), vinil benzol (stirol C6H5C2H3), SO2, SO3, BCl3, BF3, BBr3, AlCl3, H2SO3, HNO3, HNO2, KrOF2, CO, CaCl2, GaBr3, -COOH, -CHO, O3, COF2, O2, H2CO3, aldegid, keton, HCOOH, SnCl2, SnBr2, SnS, SnF2, RbBr2 PbS2, COCl2, NOCl, NOBr, POF, POBr, С2H4 va uning gomologlarining qo’sh bog’li qismi, Bor va Alyuminiy birikmalari. (ajaratib ko’rsatilgan molekulalar teng tomonli uchburchak tuzilishga ega)
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SP3
Valent burchagi;
109,28 va 104,5o
Shakli; Burchakli;
Piramida Tetraedr
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С(olmos), Alkanlar va siklo alkanlardagi uglerod atomi , H2SO4, NH3, PH3, NF3, PCl3, NCl3, NH2SO3,SOCl2, SOGal2, NH4+, H2O, H3O+, HCl, HClO, HClO2,HClO3, F2O, CCl4, HClO4 (tuzlari), P4, SiO2, POCl3, H3PO4, P4O10,
KrO2F2, MnO4-, MnO42-, CH3NO2, CH4, CF4, SiH4, GeH4, NSF, SO42-, PO43-, OsO4, CuO4, BH4, PH4+, XeO2, F2O3, (ajratilgan moddalar uchburchakli piramida va burchakli tuzilishga ega)
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SP3d
Valent burchagi;
120 va 90o
Shakli; Tekis kvadrat, T-shaklda
Chiziqli
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PF5, PCl5, SOF3, SOBr4, SOCl4, XeO3F2, ClF2, XeOF2, SF4, ClF3, XeF2 (ajratilgan moddalar T-shakl tuzilishga ega)
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SP3d2
Valent burchagi;
90o
Shakli; Tekis kvadrat, Kvadrat piramida, Oktaedr
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SF6, SCl6, Ba2[XeO6], K4[Fe(CN)6], K3[Fe(CN)6, [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, UF6, XeOF4, SF3, XeF5, XeF4, SCl4, ClF4 (ajratilgan moddalar kvadrat piramida va kvadrat tuzilishga ega), XeF6 PtF6, Na4[XeO6], Na6[XeO6], Ba3[XeO6]…OKTAEDR tuzilishga ega.
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Geometrik shakllar
№
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Atomlarning geometrik joylashuvi
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Bog’lar va taq-magan elektron juftlar soni
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Molekula ifodasi
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Misollar.
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1
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Chiziqli
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2
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AX2
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F – Be – F , O=C=O
H – C≡N , H – C≡C - H
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2
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Burchakli
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3
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AX2E
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.. ..
S N
O O O O
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3
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Teng tomonli uchburchak
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3
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AX3
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F O
B S
F F O O
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4
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Burchakli
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4
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AX2E2
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.. .. .. ..
O O
H H H Cl
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5
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Trigonal piramida
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4
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AX3E
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..
H – N – H
H PCl3 H3O+
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6
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Teraedr
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4
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AX4
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H
H – C – H
H SiCl4
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7
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Tekis kvadrat
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5
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AX4E
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F .. F
S
F F
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8
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T-shaklda
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5
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AX3E2
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F
..
F – Cl
..
F
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9
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Chiziqli
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5
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AX2E3
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F
..
∙∙ Xe
..
F
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10
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Tekis kvadrat
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6
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AX4E2
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F .. F
Xe
F .. F
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11
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Kvadrat piramida
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6
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AX5E
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F
F F
Cl
F .. F
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12
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Oktaedr
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6
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AX6
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F
F F
S
F F
F
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A – markaziy atom X – bog’langan atomlar E – markaziy atomning taqsimlanmagan elektron jufti.
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