Governing in the Absence of Angels

CNN.com. 2002. “Pentagon Takes Quiet Aim at Terror,” AP Report (November 13).

Currie, James. 1998. “Iran-Contra and Congressional Oversight of the CIA,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 11 (Summer): 185-210.

Davies, Frank. 2002. “GOP-Controlled Senate Expected to Give Less Scrutiny to War on Terror,” The Miami Herald (November 7): A1.

Eggen, Dan. 2002. “Ashcroft Assailed,” The Washington Post (August 21): A4.

Goldberg, Jeffrey. 2003. “The Unknown,” The New Yorker (February 10): 40-47.

Goss Porter. 2001. Remarks, “Crossfire,” CNN Television (May 16).

Guggenheim, Ken. 2002. “Tenet Defends CIA’s Pre-9/11 Efforts,” The Washington Post (October 17): A1.

Hamilton, Lee H. 1999. “Oversight vs. Glitzy Investigation,” The Christian Science Monitor 91 (July 15): 11.

______________, with Jordan Tama. 2002. A Creative Tension: The Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Hersh, Seymour. 2003. Interview with television host Bill Moyers, “NOW” (February 21).

Ignatieff, Michael. 2003. “The Burden,” The New York Times Magazine (January 5): 24ff.

Information Security Oversight Office. 2002. Annual Report, National Archives.

Jackson, William H., Jr. 1990a. “Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Search for a Framework,” Intelligence and National Security 5 (July): 113-47.

________________. 1990b. Review, Intelligence and National Security 5 (July): 253-54.

Johnson, Loch K. 1980. “Congress and the CIA: Monitoring the Dark Side of Government," Legislative Studies Quarterly 5 (November): 477-99.

________________. 1983. Remarks, author’s interview, Washington, D.C.

________________. 1985. “Legislative Reform of Intelligence Policy,” Polity 17 (Spring): 549-73.

___________________. 1986a. A Season of Inquiry: The Senate Intelligence Investigation Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

________________. 1986b. Interview with DCI William J. Casey, CIA Headquarters (June 16).

________________. 1992. “On Drawing a Bright Line for Covert Operations,” American Journal of International Law 86 (April): 284-309.

________________. 1994a. "Playing Ball with the CIA: Congress Supervises Strategic Intelligence," in Paul E. Peterson, ed., Congress, the Executive, and the Making of American Foreign Policy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press: 49-73.

________________. 1994b. Interview, DCI James R. Schlesinger, Washington, D.C. (June 16).

________________. 1996. Secret Agencies: U.S. Intelligence in a Hostile World. New Haven: Yale University Press.

________________. 1997. “The CIA and the Question of Accountability,” Intelligence and National Security 12 (January): 178-200.

________________. 2002a. Interview, SSCI senior staffer, Washington, D.C., December 18.

________________. 2002b. “Inside the Aspin-Brown Commission on Intelligence,” paper, annual meeting, American Political Science Association, Boston (September 1).

________________. 2002c. E-mail communication to the author (October 4).

_________________. 2003a. Interview with senior staffer, Washington, D.C., February 6.

_________________. 2003b. Interview with senior staffer, Washington, D.C., February 4.

Kaiser, Frederick M. 1994. “Impact and Implications of the Iran-Contra Affair on Congressional Oversight of Covert Action,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 7 (Summer): 205-34.

Kessler, Ronald. 2002. The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI. New York: St. Martin’s.

Knott, Stephen F. 1996. Secret and Sanctioned: Covert Operations and the American Presidency. New York: Oxford University Press.

______________. 2000. “The Great Republican Transformation on Oversight,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (Spring): 49-63.

Lardner, George, Jr. 2003. “Brookings Scholar Is Detained by INS,” The Washington Post (January 30): A1.

Lashmar, Paul, and Raymond Whitaker. 2003. “MI6 and CIA: The New Enemy Within,” The Independent on Sunday (U.K., February 9): A1.

Latimer, Thomas K. 1979. “U.S. Intelligence and the Congress,” Strategic Review (Summer): 46-50.

Lelyveld, Joseph. 1985. “The Director: Running the C.I.A.,” The New York Times Magazine (January 20): 16 ff.

Lewis, Anthony. 2003. “Marbury v. Madison v. Ashcroft,” The New York Times (February 24):A21.

Lewis, Neil A. 2002. “Senator Insists C.I.A. Is Harboring Iraq Reports,” The New York Times (October 4): A12.

McCarthy, Gregory C. 2002. “GOP Oversight of Intelligence in the Clinton Era,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 15 (Spring): 26-51.

McCubbins, Mathew D., and Thomas Schwartz. 1984. “Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols and Fire Alarms,” American Journal of Political Science 28 (February): 165-79.

Marchetti, Victor, and John D. Marks. 1974. The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. New York: Knopf.

Meyer, Herbert E. 2003. “A Memo to the 9/11 Commission,” National Review (January 6).

Millis, John [HPSCI Staff Director]. 1998. Speech, Central Intelligence Retiree’s Association, Langley, Virginia (October 5).

Novak, Robert. 2003. “GOP Senators on the Warpath,” The Chicago Sun-Times (January 13).

Ogul, Morris S. 1976. Congress Oversees the Bureaucracy: Studies in Legislative Supervision. University of Pittsburgh Press.

_______________, and Bert A. Rockman. 1990. “Overseeing Oversight: New Departures and Old Problems,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 15 (February): 5-24.

Omsted, Kathryn. 1996. Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.

Ott, Marvin C. 2003. “Partisanship and the Decline of Intelligence Oversight,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 16 (Spring):69-94.

Pincus, Walter. 2002. “Overdue Intelligence Reports,” The Washington Post (December 1): A1.

Powers, Thomas. 2002. “The Trouble with the CIA,” The New York Review of Books (January 17).

Priest, Dana. 2002a. “CIA Is Expanding Domestic Operations,” The Washington Post (October 22): A1.

____________. 2002b. “CIA Killed U.S. Citizen in Yemen Missile Strike,” The Washington Post (November 8): 1A.

Ransom, Harry Howe. 1975. “Secret Intelligence Agencies and Congress,” Society 123 (March/ April): 33-38.

_________________. 1987. “The Politicization of Intelligence,” in Stephen J. Cimbala, ed. Intelligence and Intelligence Policy in a Democratic Society. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Transnational Press: 25-46.

Risen, James, and David Johnston. 2002. “Bush Has Widened Authority of C.I.A. to Kill Terrorists,” The New York Times (December 15): 1A.

Roemer, Tim. 2003. Interview, Washington, D.C. (February 5).

Sample, Timothy R. 2002. Remarks, ABA Conference, Arlington, Virginia (November 22).

Sheehey, Mike. 2002. Interview, Washington, D.C. (December 19).

Shelby, Senator Richard C. 2002. Remarks, The Congressional Record (September 24).

Smist, Frank, Jr. 1994. Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community, 2d. ed. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Snider, L. Britt. 1997. Sharing Secrets with Lawmakers: Congress as a User of Intelligence. Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency

Tenet, George J. 2002. Testimony, Joint Committee on Intelligence (October 16).

Tepker, Harry F. 2002. “The USA PATRIOT Act,” Extensions, A Journal of the Carl Albert Center, University of Oklahoma (Fall): 9-13.

Tower Commission. 1987. Report of the President’s Special Review Board (February 26).

Treverton, Gregory F. 1987. Covert Action: The Limits of Intervention in the Postwar World. New York: Basic Books.

_________________. 1990. “Intelligence: Welcome to the American Government,” in Thomas E. Mann, ed., A Question of Balance: The President, Congress and Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Tyler, Patrick E. 2002. “Spy Wars Begin At Home,” The New York Times (November 3): E3.

U.S. Congress. 1987. Report on the Iran-Contra Affair. Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition and House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran (the Inouye-Hamilton Committees), S. Rept. 100-216 and H. Rept. 100-433 (November).

______________. 2002. Joint Committee on Intelligence, 103d. Cong., 2d sess.

U.S. House. 1974. Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, Committee on Committees (the Bolling Committee), H. Rept. 93-916, 93^rd Cong., 2d Sess.

______________. 1983. Hearings on Congressional Oversight of Covert Activities, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 98^th Cong., 2d. sess. (September 20).

______________. 1987. Hearings on H.R. 1013, H.R. 1317, and Other Proposals Which Address the Issue of Affording Prior Notice of Covert Actions in the Congress, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (April-June).

______________. 2001. Lee H. Hamilton, Opening Statement, Committee on Government Reform (July 18): 3.

U.S. Senate. 1975. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the Church Committee), Sen. Rept. No. 94-755 (November 20).