Gps affirmative

A2: Spending

Augmentation Is Cost Effective & Spoof-Free

Assimilating GNSS Signals to Improve Accuracy, Robustness, and Resistance to Signal Interference -Todd E. Humphreys “Professor of Orbital Mechanics University of Texas Austin” 3/24/11 http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20110068973#b
The Assimilator is a cost-effective alternative to replacing existing user equipment for users who want a PVT solution that is robust against GNSS signal obstruction, jamming, and spoofing, or who want access to the benefits of GNSS modernization. Thus, the GNSS Assimilator provides for augmenting instead of replacing legacy equipment. The augmentation need not require hardware or software modification to the existing equipment--the Assimilator can simply attach to a GNSS receiver's radio frequency (RF) input port and inject a consistent set of synthesized GNSS signals defining a PVT solution that is robust, accurate, and spoof-free.

Augmenting is the Most Cost-Effective Option

Assimilating GNSS Signals to Improve Accuracy, Robustness, and Resistance to Signal Interference -Todd E. Humphreys “Professor of Orbital Mechanics University of Texas Austin” 3/24/11 http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20110068973#b
Augmentation with the Assimilator is particularly cost-effective where the Assimilator itself is less expensive than replacing existing user equipment with a new model as capable as the Assimilator-receiver pair. The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

Augmentation Cheaper & Simplifies Modernization

Assimilating GNSS Signals to Improve Accuracy, Robustness, and Resistance to Signal Interference -Todd E. Humphreys “Professor of Orbital Mechanics University of Texas Austin” 3/24/11 http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20110068973#b
The Assimilator advantageously delivers the benefits of GNSS modernization through augmentation, rather than replacement, of both commercial and military existing user equipment. This augmentation need not require hardware or software changes to the existing equipment, and is particularly cost-effective where the Assimilator can be less expensive than replacing existing user equipment with a new model as capable as the Assimilator-receiver pair.

A2: Ptx

GPS has bipartisan support – empirics prove.

Russo ‘11

(Testimony of Mr. Anthony J. Russo Director National Coordination Office Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Hearing on "Sustaining GPS for National Security" Subcommittee on Strategic Forces U.S. House of Representatives September 15, 2011 http://www.gps.gov/congress/hearings/2011-09-HASC/russo/ Accessed: 7-3-12)
Since 1983, the United States has had a multi-use policy in place for GPS. This policy has had strong bipartisan support and each successive administration has strengthened the interagency participation in the program. In 2004, President Bush issued a National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) Policy establishing a Deputy Secretary level Executive Committee to advise and coordinate on policies, programs, requirements, schedules, architectures and budgets to sustain and modernize GPS, systems that augment or enhance GPS, and any backup capabilities. Last year, President Obama signed a comprehensive National Space Policy which left the PNT policy in place, but added emphasis and additional guidance in four key areas related to GPS. The policy outlines six primary goals, all of which are threatened by the proposed LightSquared deployment.

Push by military for Congress to take action concerning the drone spoofing

States News Service 6-26-12

(States News Service June 26, 2012 Tuesday “Domestic drones turned into terrorist missiles?” L-N Accessed: 7-3-12)

Now, Todd Humphreys, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, is showing how tech savvy terrorists can, and very likely will, exploit a "gaping hole" in the government's flight security structure. Last Tuesday, in the barren desert of the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, officials from the FAA and Department of Homeland Security watched as Humphrey's team repeatedly took control of a drone from a remote hilltop. The results were every bit as dramatic as the test at the UT stadium a few days earlier. DHS is attempting to identify and mitigate GPS interference through its new "Patriot Watch" and "Patriot Shield" programs, but the effort is poorly funded, still in its infancy, and is mostly geared toward finding people using jammers, not spoofers. According to Humphreys, "Spoofing [a drone's GPS receiver] is just another way of hijacking a plane." For about $1,000 and with a little bit of technical training a terrorist could take control of any civilian-operated drone and wreak havoc. Without a human pilot at the controls, the drone's onboard computer will simply follow whatever commands it is given, regardless of where they originate. And while some terrorists may be interested in taking over surveillance drones for intelligence gathering purposes, the real danger is if a drone as large as a cargo plane - which FedEx plans to use when domestic drones are approved - is overtaken and flown into planes carrying people or into crowded buildings. As Humphreys says, "In 5 or 10 years you have 30,000 drones in the airspace. Each one of these would be a potential missile used against us." So not only would a terrorist hacker not need to buy a drone in order to fly one, he wouldn't even need to go through an invasive TSA screening to reenact the 9/11 tragedy. Because of pressure from the military and drone manufacturers, Congress is requiring the Federal Aviation Administration to fast-track regulations as part of the FAA's reauthorization act. Significant rules that will impact every American are to be conceived, written, and finalized within weeks of each other, and an entire regulatory scheme is mandated to be implemented in less than a year. If you think that kind of statutory mandate translates into greater bureaucratic efficiency, think again. The time-crunch - and the deliberate lack of oversight from Congress by pushing the rule writing onto an agency - means that everyday Americans will not be privy to the decision making process that will dramatically impact their safety in the air and on the ground. Congress needs to rein itself and this process in. With arguably illegal waivers being given to certain groups to avoid provisions of ObamaCare and No Child Left Behind, we've seen how arbitrary and capricious federal regulators can be when it comes to expedited rulemaking. There's no reason to expect a more coherent approach from an FAA trying to balance competing interests like privacy, profit, and public safety on an irrational deadline. We need open debate and deliberation from our elected officials about the costs and benefits of domestic drones. If Congress won't engage the issue because it's too politically painful, then the American people shouldn't suffer a lapse in safety and privacy because their representatives would rather pass the buck than take responsibility.

A2: States – USFG key

GPS is a matter of national security

PNT ‘4/17(National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) is a U.S. Government organization established by Presidential directive to advise and coordinate federal departments and agencies on matters concerning the Global Positioning System (GPS) and related systems, Federal Agencies, http://www.gps.gov/policy/agencies/)

The U.S. government manages GPS as a national asset that is integral to U.S. national security, economic growth, transportation safety, international leadership, and homeland security. While the Department of Defense is responsible for operating the system, the GPS program receives national-level attention and guidance through the National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) -- a joint civil/military body established by presidential directive. Coordinating GPS-related matters across multiple federal agencies ensures the system addresses national priorities as well as military requirements. The National Executive Committee is chaired jointly by the Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation. Its membership includes top leaders from the Departments of State, the Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, and Homeland Security, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and NASA.

The U.S government is effective

Chaplain ’09 (Cristina T. Chaplain, Director Acquisition and Sourcing Management, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM Significant Challenges in Sustaining and Upgrading Widely Used Capabilities, www.nsgic.org/public.../GAO_GPS_Challenges_d09670t.pdf)

The U.S. government provides GPS service free of charge and plans to invest more than $5.8 billion over the next 5 years in the GPS satellites and ground control segments. The Department of Defense (DOD) develops and operates GPS, and an interdepartmental committee—co-chaired by DOD and the Department of Transportation—manages the U.S. space-based positioning, navigation, and timing infrastructure, which includes GPS. DOD also provides most of the funding for GPS. The Air Force is responsible for GPS acquisition and is in the process of modernizing GPS to enhance its performance, accuracy, and integrity. The modernization effort includes GPS IIF and IIIA, two satellite acquisition programs that are to provide new space-based capabilities and replenish the satellite constellation; the ground control segment hardware and software; and user equipment for processing modernized GPS capabilities. Other countries are also developing their own independent global navigation satellite systems that could offer capabilities that are comparable, if not superior, to GPS.

GPS costs billions states can’t afford

Barr Group ‘12

DoD U.S. Air Force Budget FY2013-FY2017 http://www.bga-aeroweb.com/Defense/DoD-Budget/GPS-III-DoD-Budget-USAF-Space.html accessed 7/3 2012

The Global Positioning System (GPS) fills validated Joint Service requirements for worldwide, accurate, common grid three-dimensional positioning/navigation for military aircraft, ships and ground personnel. The consistent accuracy, unaffected by location or weather and available in real time, significantly improves effectiveness of reconnaissance, weapons delivery, mine countermeasures and rapid deployment for all services. The system is composed of three segments: user equipment (funded under PE 0305164F), satellites and a control network (funded under PE 0603423F and PE 0305165F). RDT&E,AF funding for GPS III, including development and acquisition of Space Vehicles (SV) 1 & 2, is in PE 0305265F, GPS III Space Segment. The funding cost is $1.462 billion.

Federal Government Guarantees GPS Success

National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing, April 12, 2012 http://www.gps.gov/policy/

Since the 1980s, multiple U.S. presidents have issued consistent policies encouraging the worldwide use of GPS for peaceful purposes. Congress has enacted elements of these policies as permanent law. The stability and transparency of U.S. policy, combined with a long track record of dependable GPS service, have laid a solid foundation for investment and innovation in GPS technology. As a result, the commercial use of GPS technology has flourished, transforming the way we live and work today.

A2: Private CP

National Focus Is Key

National PNT Advisory Board, November 4, 2010, Jamming the Global Positioning System -

A National Security Threat: Recent Events and Potential Cures

GPS is absolutely critical US National Infrastructure. This has not been formally recognized. GPS should be formally declared critical infrastructure by Executive Branch and managed as such by DHS. This is necessary to elevate the importance of GPS to our critical infrastructure and bring the needed attention to the interference problem. The various existing national interference programs must be coordinated and gaps must be filled with additional funded efforts (see later recommendations). Senior leadership must recognize the vulnerabilities of the current critical infrastructure and give high priority to budgets and solutions.

A2: Privacy K

Plan only works within existing frameworks: Patriot Act gave the green light for electronic surveillance

Karim ‘04

[Wassim, Attorney, former associate editor of Washington University Journal of Law and Policy; Washington University Journal of Law and Policy, Vol. 14; p. 505]

Legislation pertaining to electronic surveillance has been modified repeatedly over the years,133 the most recent development of which has been the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, or the USA PATRIOT Act.134 Generally, this legislation broadens federal law enforcement’s authority to use surveillance and eliminates barriers in retrieving intelligence information.135 In particular, by lowering the standard of proof and reducing judicial oversight, the Act broadens the FBI’s ability to obtain the information that a business maintains about an individual when the FBI is conducting an intelligence investigation.136 Furthermore, the Act broadens the government’s ability to conduct searches in secret.137

I hear, I hear,

that you and your band sold your guitars and bought turntables, that you and your band sold your turntables and bought guitars.