Growing of Internet a permanent challenge for designers and network engineering
Jiří Navrátil jiri@cesnet.cz
European Future Networking Initiatives Workshop 22.2.2007 Amsterdam
Introduction to EFNI workshop
Internet expansion and consequences
Next generation of Internet (directions and supporting projects, FIND, GENI)
New terminology: Slicing, Virtualizaton, PlanetLab, VINI, etc.
New networking phenomena, concepts, approaches (DHT, P2P, CAN, ROS)
What are the problems of Internet ?
Speed and capacity ?
In network backbones ?
In aggregation networks?
last mile ?
wireless (ad hoc networks, Wimax) ?
Access to the network ?
from individual machines (PC,MAC,Linux), Supercomputers, PDA, phones,
edge points
Distribution of services in requested quality to end users
to universities, offices (thousands of sites in each country)
to homes (millions of access points)
mobile users
Utilization of existing networks (Measurement and monitoring)
How do we know what users are doing and what they want,
what are the loads od individual segments of Internet ?
Security aspects ?
The real problems of IP world are in the principles
IP addresses ? Yes, before 1994 nearly collapsed. Problem postponed because of reusable private IP, NAT. It is reason why IPv6 is not so hot
Naming ? Yes, DNS still dominate and it has more and more problems
the other systems start to use own naming strategy based on GUID
Routing ? Yes, since 1989 BGP (protocol based purely on agreement of ISPs - routing policy). All other known protocols are unacceptable, technically problematic and they are used just locally,
many existing routes is not used, quality of routes is not under control
BGP4 ? Yes, Introducing AS was step to aggregation for routing purposes,
it helps to postpone problem with effectiveness of routing.
AND the # of ISP and # of AS grow exponentially !
How Internet Grows
More about the weaknesses of the Internet
- performance bottlenecks at peering points
Ignores many existing alternate paths
Prevents sophisticated algorithms
Route selection uses fixed, simple metrics
Routing isn’t sensitive to path quality (See next examples)
RON - Resilient overlay networks
Measure all links between nodes
Compute path properties
Determine best route
Forward traffic over that path
NSF FIND “Future Internet Design” in 2005 as reaction to existing problems
Creating the Internet you want in 10,15 Years
The Internet which society TRUST
Support pervasive computing (from PDA to Supercomputing)
Connecting devices and users with all types communication channels from wireless to optical light paths
Enable accept further developments and innovations
Focus of FIND
On Reinvented Internet Architecture andnot on individual network technologies
Internet evolution influenced by clean-slate approach
Alternate architecture(s) coexist with the current Internet
Virtualization becomes the norm with plurality of architectures
New services and applications enabled
Defined Stages of Research for 2007 and Later
Architectures as they emerge will be made operational and tested
Simulation
Emulation
Run on a large-scale GENI facility
Experiments with new architectures at global scale
Why virtual architectures ?
You can separate the tasks into independent HW (computers) each responsible for part of the whole system).
Generalized Packet Filters
GPFs are the key to flexibility in this approach
Extends concept of “filters” normally found on routers
A relatively small number of GPFs can be used as building blocks for a large number of applications
Ideally, the database of GPFs precludes the writing of new code!
Supports flexible classification, computation, and actions
GPFs are executed in numeric order:
Classify-Infer-Act
A server and router in “one”
Tight integration between packet processing and routing
High bandwidth (routers) and computation (servers)
