| 4.3.1 Objectives
(a) The principle of general medical screening is to detect a disease at an early subclinical or presymptomatic stage in order to take action to reverse these effects or to slow progression of the disease. The abnormalities sought, include pathophysiological or histopathological changes. Such tests are well-established in general preventative medicine, e.g. PAP smears for cervical cancer, cholesterol screening, feacal occult blood for lower bowel cancer, etc.
(b) In medical surveillance in industry one is interested not only in detecting adverse effects in the individual, but also in the implication of the findings for the effectiveness of workplace control measures., Medical surveillance is thus directed not only at early adverse effects but also at established disease.
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