Hebrew language for readers of english

אַחְיָן m.n. nh nephew. [Formed from אָח^I with dimin. suff. □ָן.] Derivative: אַחְיָנֽית.

אַחְיָנִית f.n. nh niece. [Formed from אַחְיָן with suff. □ִית.]

אֲחִירֹֽתֶם m.n. nh Spartium (botany). [Lit.: ‘brother of the broom’, from אֲחִי, c. st. of אָח (= brother), and רֹתֶם (= broom). cp. אֲחִיגֶזֶר and words there referred to.]

אֲחִישֶֽׁבֶת m.n. nh Peucedanum (botany). [Lit.: ‘brother of the dill’, from אֲחִי, c. st. of אָח (= brother), and שֶׁבֶת (= dill). cp. אֲחִיגֶזֶר and words there referred to.]

אחל to wish. [Back formation from אַחֲלַי.] — Pi. אִחֵל tr. v. mh he wished. — Pu. אֻחַל nh was wished for. Derivatives: אִחוּל, מְאַחֵל, מְאֻחָל.

אַחֲלַי, אַחֲלֵי interj. O that! would that… (in the Bible אַחֲלַי occurs only Ps. 119:5, אַחֲלֵי occurs Kin. II 5:3). [Of uncertain origin. According to Olshausen, compounded of אָח (= woe!) and לַי, לוּ (= would that). cp. אחל.]

אַחְלָמָה f.n. the name of a precious stone [[pg-18]](Ex. 28:19 and 39:12), usually identified with the amethyst (on the basis of the Septuagint rendering amethystos). [Of uncertain etymology. Most scholars see in it a derivative of base חלם (= to be strong). According to them the word אַחְלָמָה lit. means ‘the stone that has the power of making strong’. Others derive it from Egypt. hnmt, the name of a red precious stone.]

אַחַ״ם abbr. nh V.I.P. (very important person). [Formed from the initials of the words אֲנָשִׁים הֲשׁוּבִים מְאֹד (= very important people).]

אִחְסוּן m.n. nh storage. [Verbal n. of אִחְסֵן. See אחסן.]

אחסן to store. [Back formation from אַחֽסָנָה.] — Pi. אִחְסֵן tr. v. nh he stored. — Pu. אֻחֽסַן nh was stored. Derivative: מְאֻחְסָן.

אַחְסָנָה f.n. nh storage. [A collateral form of הַחְסָנָה. cp. אחסן.]

אַחְפָּר m.n. nh fossil. [From חפר^I (= to dig).]

אחר to be or remain behind. [Aram. אֵחַר, Syr. אוֹחַר, Arab. ’ahhara (= he put off), ’ta’áḥḥara (= he was behind, was late, tarried), Akka. uḥḥuru (= he remained behind), Ugar. aḥr (= later, afterward).] — Qal אָחַר he was late, tarried (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 32:5 in the form וָאֵחַר). — Pi. אֵחַר 1 he delayed, tarried; 2 he caused one to delay, kept back. — Pu. אֻחַר pbh he was late. — Hith. הִתֽאַחֵר pbh he came late. — Hiph. הֶאֱחִיר mh he delayed, postponed. — Hoph. הָאֳחַר pbh was delayed, postponed. Derivatives: מֽאֻחָר אַחֲרוֹן, אַחֲרָיוּת, הַאֲחָרָה, הִתֽאַחֲרוּת, מְאַחֵר, אָחוֹר, אִחוּר, אַחַר, אַחֵר, אַחֲרַאי,, prob. also מָחָר.

אַחֵר adj. 1 another, other. 2 next. 3 strange. [From אחר. cp. BAram. אָחֳרָן, Aram. אָחֳרָן, אָחֽרָן, Syr. אַחֽרֵנָא, SArab. אחֿר, אאחֿר, Arab. ’aḥar (= another).] Derivative: אֲחֵרוּת.

אַחַר 1 adv. after, behind, afterward. 2 prep. behind, after. [Orig. a noun meaning ‘the hinder part’ and a derivative of אחר, whence also Moabite אחר, Ugar. ’hr (= after), Aram. אַחֽרָא (= behind). cp. אַחֲרֵי.] Derivatives: אַחַר□, אַחֲרֵי.

אַחַר□ combining form meaning ‘post-’, as in אַחַר־מִלְחַמְתִּי (= post-war). [From אַחַר (= after).]

אַחֲרַאי, אַחֲרַי pbh 1 adj. responsible, liable. 2 n. guarantor. [From אחר (= to be or remain behind). Accordingly אַחֲרַאי lit. denotes a person who stands behind someone or something, for whom or for which he has accepted responsibility.] Derivatives: אַחֲרָאִי, אַחֲרָיוּת.

אַחֲרָאִי adj. nh responsible. [From אַחֲרַאי. For the ending see suff. □ִי.]

אַחֲרוֹן adj. 1 last, latter, next. 2 the one behind. 3 future. [From אחר. cp. TA ahru-un-u (= behind him), Syr. אַחֲרָיָא, Arab. ’áhir (= last), Akka. ahrū (= future).]

אֲחֵרוּת f.n. nh otherness. [Formed from אַחֵר with suff. □וּת.]

אַחֲרַי see אַחֲרַאי.

אַחֲרֵי prep. 1 behind. 2 after. [This prep. was orig. a noun meaning ‘the hinder part’. It is properly the c. st. of אַחַר (q.v.).]

אַחֲרָיוּת f.n. pbh surety, warranty, responsibility, liability. [Formed from אַחֲרַי with suff. □וּת.]

אַחֲרִית f.n. 1 end. 2 posterity, future. 3 remnant. [Formed from אחר with suff. □ִית.]

אֲחֹרַנִּית see אֲחוֹרַנִּית.

אַחֶֽרֶת adv. mh otherwise. [Properly f. of אַחֵר (= another), used adverbially.]

אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפָּן m.n. satrap. [A loan word from Old Per. khsharthrapāvan (= ruler of the province), compounded of khshathra (= province), and a derivative of pā(y) (= to guard, protect). The first element is related to Old Pers. khshaya (= king), khshayathiya (= power); see ‘satrap’ in my cedel and cp. the first element in שַׁחְמָט. The second element is cogn. with pateisthai (= to feed); see ‘food’ in my cedel.]

אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן adj. belonging to the king, royal. [A loan word from Old Pers. khshathraāna, formed from khshathra (= dominion, government, province), with adj. suff. āna.]

אַחַת adj. one. [f. of אֶחָד.] Derivative: חַת^III.

אַט adv. slowly. [See אטט (= to slow down).] Derivatives: אִטִּי, אטאט. cp. אטה. cp. also לְאַט.

אֵט m.n. sorcerer, magician (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 19:3 in the pl. אִטִּים, from which the sing. אֵט is a back formation. [Borrowed from Akka. edimmu, eṭimmu (= ghost of a dead person), which itself is a Sumerian loan word.]

אטאט to slow down. [Pilp. of אטט. For other Pilp. verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] — Pilp. אִטְאֵט tr. v. nh he slowed down.

אֶֽטֶב m.n. nh paper clip, clasp, fastener. [From Aram. אַטְבָּא (= hook, clasp), which is of uncertain origin.]

אֲטָבִיזְם m.n. fw atavism. [Formed from L. atavis (= father of a great-grandfather, ancestor), from pref. at- (= beyond), and avus (= grandfather); see ‘uncle’ in my cedel. For the ending see suff. □ִזֽם. cp. אֲטָבִיסֽטִי.]

אֲטָבִיסְטִי adj. fw atavistic. [See אֲטָבִיזֽם and the suffixes □ִיסֽט and □ִי.]

אָטָד m.n. bramble, buckthorn. [Related to Aram.-Syr. אַטְדָּא, Arab. ’aṭad, Akka. eṭidu and iṭṭitti.]

אטה to slow down. [From אַט (whose base, however, is אטט.] — Pi. אִטָּה tr. v. nh he slowed down, delayed. — Hith. הִתְאַטָּה nh was slowed down, was delayed. Derivative: הִתְאַטּוּת.

אַטּוּ pbh 1 prep. on account of, because of. 2 interrogative particle introducing a question to which a negative answer is expected. [Aram., a collateral form of אַמְטוּ, abbreviation of אַמְטוּל (of s.m.), which is related to Syr. מֶטּוּל, מֶטּוֹל (of s.m.).]

אָטוֹל m.n. fw atoll. [Prob. from Malayalam aḍal (= uniting).]

אָטוֹם m.n. fw atom. [Ultimately from Gk. atomos (= atom), properly ‘uncut, indivisible’, from privative pref. a- and tomos, from temnein (= to cut), which derives from ie base ^*tem-, ^*tm (= to cut). cp. ‘tome’ in my cedel. cp. also the second element in אֲנָטוֹמֽיָה.] Derivative: אֲטוֹמִי.

אָטוּם adj. 1 shut, closed. 2 mh solid, dull, obtuse. 3 nh impermeable, impervious. [Pass. part. of אָטַם. See אטם.]

אִטּוּם m.n. nh caulking, impregnating. [Verbal n. of אִטֵּם. Pi. of אָטַם. See אטם.]

אֲטוֹמִי adj. fw atomic. [Formed from אָטוֹם with suff. □ִי.] Derivative: אַטוֹמִיּוּת.

אֲטוֹמִיּוּת f.n. fw atomicity; atomism. [Formed from אֲטוֹמִי with suff. □וּת.]

אֵטוּן m.n. thread, yarn, cord. [Of uncertain etymology. It is possibly a loan word from Egypt. ’dmy (= linen of red color). Gk. othone (= fine white linen), is prob. borrowed from Heb.]

אטט to slow down. [From אַט (= slowly).] — Hiph. הֵאֵט nh he slowed down, decelerated. — Hoph. הוּאַט nh was slowed down, became slow. Derivative: הֶאָטָה.

אֶטָטִיזְם m.n. fw étatism. [Fren. étatisme, from état (= state), from L. status (which properly means ‘mode of standing’), from p. part. of stāre (= to stand). See טְטָטִי and suff. □ִיזְם.]

אִטִּי adj. nh slow; adagio (music). [Formed from אֵט with suff. □ִי.] Derivative: אִטִּיּוּת.

אֶטְיוּד m.n. fw étude, study. [Fren. étude, from L. studium (= study), which is related to studēre (= to apply oneself to, to study). Studēre prob. meant orig. ‘to strike at something’, whence ‘to aim at something’, and is related to tundere (= to beat, strike). See ‘stint’ and cp. ‘study’ (n.) and ‘étude’ in my cedel.]

[[pg-19]]אֶטְיוֹלוֹגִי adj. fw etiological. [Back formation from אֶטֽיוֹלוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. □ִי.]

אֶטְיוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. fw etiology. [Late L. aetiologia, from Gk. aitiologia (= an inquiring into causes), from aitiologein (= to inquire into causes), from aitia (= cause), and logia (see □לוֹגְיָה.]

אִטִּיּוּת f.n. nh slowness. [Formed from אִטִּי with suff. □וּת.]

אָטִים adj. nh impermeable, inpenetrable, waterproof. [Coined from אטם (= to close, fill up), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in nh to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

אֲטִימָה f.n. nh closing, stoppage, filling up, caulking. [Verbal n. of אָטַם. See אטם and first suff. □ָה.]

אֶטִימוֹלוֹג m.n. fw etymologist. [Back formation from אֶטִימוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

אֶטִימוֹלוֹגִי adj. fw etymological. [Back formation from אֶטִימֹולֹוגְיָה. For the ending see suff. □ִי.]

אֶטִימוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. fw etymology. [Ultimately from Gk. etymologia, properly ‘the study of the true sense of a word’, compounded of etymon (= the true sense of a word according to its origin), properly neuter of etymos (= true), and -logia. See □לוֹגְיָה.]

אֲטִימוּת f.n. nh 1 impermeability, impenetrability. 2 dullness. [Formed from אָטִים with suff. □וּת.]

אָטִיף m.n. pbh a small hole in cheese, bread, etc. [Aram., prob. meaning lit. ‘droplike hole’, and formed from טִיף (= drop) with prosthetic א□. See טיף^I.]

אֶטִיקֶט m.n. fw etiquette. [Fren. étiquette, from Old Fren. estiquier, estiquer (= to stick on, attach), from Dutch stikken (= to stitch).]

אִטְלוּלָא f.n. pbh jest (used esp. in the phrase חוּכָא וְאִטְלוּלָא, ‘jest, derision, laughing-stock’). [Aram., from טְלַל (= he played, sported, jested), which prob. meant lit. ‘he enjoyed himself in the shade’, and is ultimately identical with טְלַל (= he covered), lit. ‘he overshadowed’. Aram. טְלַל in this sense is related to טלל^I. cp. טְלוּלָא.]

אִטְלוּק m.n. nh italianization. [Verbal n. of אטלק.]

אֲטֶלְיֶה f.n. fw (pl. אֲטֶלְיָאוֹת) atelier. [Fren., from astelier, from astelle (= shiver of wood), from Late L. astella (of s.m.), from L. astula, which is prob. a blend of assula (= shiver of wood), and hastula (= a little spear). Assula is a dimin. of assis (= board, plank); see ‘ashlar’ in my cedel. Hastula is a dimin. of hasta (= spear); see ‘hastate’ ibid.]

אִטְלִיז m.n. pbh 1 butcher shop. 2 a group of booths put up for a fair or bazaar; fair, bazaar. [A secondary form of אַטְלִיז, itself an alteration of קַטְלִיז (of s.m.), which is borrowed from Gk. katalysis (= dissolution, putting down; unyoking of the draft animals of a caravan; place where such animals are unyoked; resting, lodging; guest chamber; caravanserai), from katalyein (= to dissolve), which is formed from kata (= down), and lyein (= to loose, loosen). See ‘catalysis’ in my cedel.]

אַטְלַס^I m.n. fw Atlas (one of the Titans in Gk. mythology). [L. Atlas (gen. Atlantis), from Gk. Atlas (gen. Atlantos), which stands for A-tlas and lit. means ‘the bearer (of Heaven)’.]

אַטְלַס^II m.n. fw atlas (a collection of maps bound into a book). [First so called by the geographer Mercator because the figure of Atlas supporting the world was frequently put on the page of such collections. The first part of Mercator’s Atlas appeared in 1585. See אַטְלַס^I.]

אַטְלַס^III m.n. fw atlas — name of the first vertebra (anatomy). [From Atlas (See אַטְלַס^I); so called because it bears the skull. This name was first given to the first vertebra by the Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564).]

אַטְלַס^IV m.n. fw atlas (silk-satin). [Arab. áṭlas (= lit.: ‘wiped smooth’), from ṭálasa (= he wiped, smoothed away).]

אטלק to italianize. [Back formation from אִיטַלְקִי (= Italian).] — Pi. אִטְלֵק tr. v. nh he italianized. Derivative: אִטְלוּק.

אטם to shut, shut up. [Arab. ’atama (= he stopped up). Related to טמם, טמטם.] — Qal אָטַם (of s.m.) he shut, closed. — Niph. נֶאְטַם mh was shut, was closed. — Pi. אִטֵּם nh he shut, closed, made impermeable, caulked, impregnated. — Pu. אֻטַּם nh was shut, was closed. Derivatives: אִטּוּם, אָטִים, אֲטִימָה, אֲטִימוּת, אֶטֶם, אֹטֶם, אָטוּם.

אֶֽטֶם m.n. nh gasket, obturator. [From אטם.]

אֹֽטֶם m.n. nh 1 closure, stoppage. 2 lower part of the wall. 3 infarct. [From אטם. cp. Arab. uṭum (= fortress), uṭā́m (= retention of wine).]

אַטְמָה f.n. pbh flank. [From Aram. אַטִמָא, assimilated from עַטְמָא (= bones; loin), which is related to Syr. טְמָא (= bones), Heb. עֶצֶם (= bone). cp. טֽמַיָא.]

אַטְמוֹסְפֵירָה f.n. fw atmosphere. [Ultimately from Eng. atmosphere, which was first coined by the English bishop and scientist John Wilkins in 1638 with reference to the moon (which in reality has no atmosphere). The word atmosphere was formed from Gk. atmos (= steam, vapor), and aphaira (= ball, globe, sphere). Gk. atmos is a contraction of aetmos, which prob. is related to aella (= tempest, whirlwind), from ie base ^*wē- (= to blow). See ‘wind’ (air in motion) in my cedel. For the second element see סְפֵירָה. Derivative: אַטְמוֹסֽפֵירִי.

אַטְמוֹסְפֵירִי adj. fw atmospheric. [Back formation from אַטְמוֹסֽפֵירָה. For the ending see suff. □ִי.]

אטר to shut up, close, bind. [Arab. ’a’ṭara (= he bent), ’iṭār (= what surrounds, what encloses, frame).] — Qal אָטַר tr. v. he closed, shut (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 69:16). — Niph. נֶאְטַר mh was closed, was shut. Derivatives: אִטֵּר, אַטֶּרֶת.

אִטֵּר adj. left-handed. [However, it is more probable that אִטֵּר denotes in the Bible ‘one who can use both hands alike’. cp. Jud. 20:16 with Chron. 12:2. cp. also the Septuagint rendering of אִטֵּר, amphoterodoxios, and the Vulgate’s translation: qui utraque manu pro dextra utebatur (Jud. 3:15), resp. it a sinistra, ut dextra proeliantes (ibid. 20:16). Short for אִישׁ אִטֵּר יֵד יְמִינוֹ (Jud. 3:15; 20:16), usually rendered ‘a man bound with reference to his right hand’ (from אטר, ‘to bind’), i.e. ‘left-handed’, or ‘a man whose right hand was bound’; so that he might learn to use the left hand also.] Derivatives: אִטְּרוּת, אַטֶּרֶת.