Hebrew language for readers of english

אַטְרוֹפְיָה f.n. fw atrophy (disease). [Gk. atrophia (= want of food), from atrophos (= not nourished, ill-fed), from privative pref. a- and trophe (= food, nourishment), which stands in gradational relationship to trephein (= to make solid, thicken, congeal, curdle; to nourish; lit.: ‘to make thick’), from ie base ^*dhrebh- (= to make firm, curdle). See ‘draff’ in my cedel and cp. ‘trophic’ ibid. cp. also הִיפֶּרְטֽרוֹפֽיָה.]

אִטְּרוּת f.n. nh left-handedness. [Formed from אִטֵּר with suff. □וּת.]

אִטְרִיָּה f.n. pbh vermicelli. [From Aram. אִטֽרִי, אִטְרִיתָא, whence also Arab. ’iṭruyya^h (= vermicelli), from Gk. itrion (= a kind of cake), which is of unknown origin.]

אַטְרַקְצְיָה f.n. fw attraction. [Fren. attraction, from L. attractiō (= a drawing together, attraction), from attractus, p. part. of attrahere (= to draw to, attract), from ad (= to, toward), and trahere (= to draw). See ‘draw’ in my cedel and cp. ‘tract’ (region) and words there referred to, ibid. For the ending of אַטֽרַקְצֽיָה see suff. □יָה.]

אַטֶּֽרֶת f.n. fw left-handedness. [Formed from אִטֵּר (= left-handed), according to [[pg-20]]the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases of defects (see אַדֶּמֶת).]

אִי^I m.n. island, isle. [According to several scholars, contraction of אֱוִי (= place where one betakes oneself for shelter), from אוה, which corresponds to Arab. ’āwā(y) (= he sought refuge, sought shelter), hence אִי would have denoted orig. ‘(the mariner’s) place of refuge’. Others see in אִי a loan word from Old Egypt. iw (= island, coast).] Derivative: אִיּוֹן.

אִי^II m.n. either Canis aureus (= jackal) or Canis lupaster. [Prob. contraction of אֱוִי, from the imitative base אוה (= to howl). Barth compares Arab. ibnu ’āwā(y), vulg. Arab. wāwī (= jackal). cp. אַיָּה.]

אִי^III interj. woe!, alas! (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 10:16). [Of imitative origin. cp. אוי and words there referred to.]

אִי^IV, אִי□ negative particle meaning ‘not’. [Related to mh אִי (= not), Phoen. אִי (= not), Akka. ai, ē, ī (= not).]

אִי^v cogn. pbh if. [Aram., formed from אִין (= if), with apocope of the ן. See אִם and cp. the first element in אִילֵימָא.]

אֵי adv. where? [From אֵי; cp. אַיֵה. Related to Ugar. iy (= where), Syr. אַיְכָּא (= where?), Arab. ’ayy, Ethiop. ’ay, Akka. ayu (= which? who? where?), ta ayami (= where?). cp. אֵי□ and the first element in אֵיכָן, אֵימָתַי, אֵיפוֹא.]

אֵי□ nh a combining form equivalent to Eng. some-, the first element of compound pronouns like אֵי־מִי (= someone), אֵי־פַּעַם (= sometime), אֵי־שָׁם (= somewhere). [Coined through back formation from אֵי־זֶה, אֵיזֶה.]

□ַאי pbh suff. forming nomina opificum from ל״ה verbal stems, as בַּנַּאי (= builder), from בנה (= to build); גַּבַּאי (= collector), from גבה (= to collect).

איב to be hostile to, to hate. [Ugar. ’b, Akka. ayyābu (= enemy). Barth connects this base with Arab. wa’iba (= was angry, was hostile).] — Qal אָיַב tr. v. was hostile to, hated. — Niph. נֶאֱיֵב mh was hated. Derivatives: אוֹיֵב, אֵיכָה, הִתְאַיְּבוּת.

אֵיבָה f.n. enmity, hatred, grudge, malice. [Formed from איב with first suff. □ָה.]

אֵיבוֹלוּצְיָה f.n. fw evolution. [L. ēvolūtio (= an unrolling of a scroll, an opening of a book), from ēvolūtus, p. part. of ēvolvere (= to unroll, unfold), from ē (= out of; see אֶקְס־), and volvere (= to roll), which derives from ie base ^*welu, ^*welw-, enlargement of ^*wel-, ^*wal- (= to bend, turn, twist, roll), whence also Gk. eilein (= to roll, turn, twist). cp. ‘volute’ in my cedel. For the ending of אֵיבוֹלוּצְיָה see suff. □יָה. cp. רֶבוֹלוּצֽיָה.]

אִיבִּיס m.n. fw ibis. [L. ībis, from Gk. ibis, from Egypt. hīb.]

אֵיבָר see אֵבָר.

אִיגְלוּ m.n. fw igloo, snowhut. [Eskimo igdlu (= snowhouse).]

אִיגָרָא see אִגָּרָא.

אֵיד^I m.n. pbh distress, calamity, misfortune. [Prob. from base אוד (= to bend; to oppress). cp. Arab. ’ā́da (= he bent, curved, crooked), ’ā́’id (= burdening).]

אֵיד^II m.n. pbh feast (of gentiles). [A var. of עֵיד, JAram. עִידָא, Syr. עֵידָא (= feast; lit.: ‘that which returns every year’), from עוּד (= to return, to occur). See עוֹד. Arab. ’īd (= feast) is an Aram. loan word. This spelling אֵיד (for עֵיד) is prob. due to an association with אֵיד^I.]

איד to vaporize, to steam. [Denominated from אֵד (= mist, vapor).] — Pi. אִיֵּד tr. v. nh vaporized, evaporated; steamed, stewed. — Pu. אֻיַּד nh was turned into vapor, was vaporized, was evaporated. — Hith. הִתְאַיֵּד nh (of s.m.). Derivatives: אִיּוּד, הִתְאַיּֽדוּת, מְאַיֵּד, מְאֻיָּד.

אִידֵאָה f.n. fw idea. [Ultimately from Gk. idea (= form, kind, sort, nature, class, species, opinion, notion, idea, ideal form). The original pre-Platonic meaning is ‘look, semblance’. Gk. idea prob. derives from idein (= to see) which is related to oida (= I know), eidon (= I saw), eidos (= form, shape; lit.: ‘that which is seen’), eidolon (= knowing, learned), and cogn. with L. videre (= to see). See וִיזָה and cp. אִידִילְיָה.]

אִידֵאוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. fw ideology. [Fren. idéologie, coined by the French philosopher Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836), from Gk. idea (see אִידֵיאָה) and logia (see □לוֹגְיָה).]

אִידֵאָל m.n. fw ideal. [Fren. idéal (n.), from idéal (adj.), from Late L. ideālis, from idea, from Gk. idea. See אִידֵאָה. For the suff. -ālis see adj. suff. ‘-al’ in my cedel.] Derivative: אִידֵאָלִי.

אִידֵאָלִי adj. fw ideal (adj.) [Formed from אִידֵיאָל with suff. □ִי.] Derivative: אִידֵאָלִיּוּת.

אִידֵאָלִיּוּת f.n. fw idealism. [Formed from אִידֵאָלִי with suff. □וּת.]

אִידֵאָלִיזְם m.n. fw idealism. [Borrowed from Fren. idéalisme, from idéal. See אִידֵאָל and suff. □ִיזְם.]

אִידֵאָלִיזַצְיָה f.n. fw idealization. [Fren. idéalisation, from idéaliser (= to idealize), from idéal (n.). See אִידֵאָל and suff. □ַצְיָה.]

אִידֵאָלִיסְט m.n. fw idealist. [Fren. idéaliste, from idéal (n.). See אִידֵאָל and suff. □ִיסְט.]

אַיְּדֵי דְ□ conj. pbh because (occurring in quotations from the Talmud, as in אַיּֽדֵי דֽזוֹטַר מִרְכָּס, ‘because it is small, it may be lost’). [Aram., formed from pref. אַ□ (= עַל, on, upon), c. st. pl. of יַד (= hand), and pref. דְּ□ (= which; that).]

אִידְיוֹט m.n. fw idiot. [Fren. idiot, from L. idiōta, from Gk. idiotes (= private person, one not holding office, layman, an ignorant). See הֶדְיוֹט.] Derivative: אִידְיוֹטִי.

אִידְיוֹטִי adj. fw idiotic. [Formed from אִידְיוֹט with suff. □ִי.] Derivative: אִידְיוֹטִיּוּת.

אִידְיוֹטִיּוּת f.n. fw idiocy; idiotism. [Formed from אִידְיוֹטִי with suff. □וּת.]

אִידְיוֹם m.n. fw idiom. [Ultimately from Gk. idioma (= peculiarity, esp. peculiarity in a language), from idioumai (= I make my own), from idios (= one’s own). See הֶדֽיוֹט.] Derivative: אִידֽיוֹמָטִי.

אִידְיוֹמָטִי adj. fw idiomatic. [Formed from אִידֽיוֹם with adj. suff. □ִי.]

אִידְיוֹסִינְקְרַסְיָה f.n. fw idiosyncracy. [Gk. idiosynkrasia (= a peculiar temperament; lit.: ‘a proper blending together’), compounded of idio (= one’s own, proper; see הֶדְיוֹט), syn (= with; see סִינִ□), and krasis (= a blending), which is related to krates (= a large bowl for mixing wine and water). These words derive from ie base ^*k̂erāi-, ^*k̂er- (= to mix, blend). See ‘rare’ (underdone) in my cedel and cp. ‘crasis’, ‘crater’, ibid. For the ending of אִידְיוֹטִינְקְרַסֽיָה see □יָה.]

אִידִילִי adj. fw idyllic. [Back formation from אִידִילְיָה.] Derivative: אִידִילִיּוּת.

אִידִילְיָה f.n. fw idyl. [L. idyllium, from Gk. eidyllion (= a little picture; whence ‘a short descriptive poem’), dimin. of eidos (= form, shape), which is related to idea (see אִידֵאָה).]

אִידִילִיּוּת f.n. fw idyllicism. [Formed from אִידִילִי with suff. □וּת.]

אִידִישׁ m.n. (also אִידִית, f.n.) the Yiddish language. [Ger. jüdisch (= Jewish), from Jude (= Jew), from L. Judaeus, from Gk. ioudaios, from Aram. יְהוּדֵי, יֽהוּדַיָּא, from Heb. יֽהוּדִי (= Jew, Jewish). אִידִית is Hebraization of אִידִישׁ. cp. יִידִישׁ.] Derivative: אִידִישִׁיזְם.

אִידִישִׁיזְם m.n. fw Yiddishism. [Formed from אִידִישׁ with suff. □ִיזֽם.]

אִידָךְ pron. pbh that, the other. [Aram. and BAram., prob. formed from pron. pref. אִי□ and דָּךְ (= this, that), which is related to Arab. dhākr (= this, this one).]

אִידָן m.n. pbh bast. [Of uncertain origin. It is perhaps borrowed from Gk. iteinon (= of willow), from itea (= willow), which prob. is related to itus [[pg-21]](= the edge or rim of anything round), from ie base ^*wei- (= to bend, twist).]

אַיָּה f.n. hawk, falcon, kite. [Prob. of imitative origin. cp. Arab. yū’yū (= a kind of hawk), which is also imitative. cp. also אִי^II.]

אַיֵּה adv. where? [Lengthened form of אַי (see אֵי). cp. הִנֵּה (= behold), which is a lengthened form of הֵן.]

אִיהוּ pron. pbh he, himself. [Aram., formed from pron. pref. אִי□ and הוּ(א) (= he). See הוּא.]

אִיהִי pron. pbh she, herself. [Aram., formed from pron. pref. אִי□, and הִי(א) (= she). See הִיא.]

אִיּוּד m.n. nh vaporization, evaporation. [Verbal n. of אִיֵּד (see איד). cp. the collateral form אִדּוּי.]

אִיּוּךְ m.n. mh qualification. [Verbal n. of אִיֵךְ. See איך.]

אִיּוּם m.n. mh threat, threatening. [Verbal n. of אִיֵם. See אים.]

אִיּוֹן m.n. nh islet. [Formed from אִי^I (= island), with dimin. suff. □וֹן.]

אִיּוּן m.n. nh negation, annulment, denial. [Verbal n. of אִיֵּן. See אין.] Derivative: אִיּוּנִיּוּת.

אִיּוּנִיּוּת f.n. nh negativism. [Formed from אִיּוּן with suff. □וּת.]

אִיּוּר m.n. nh illustration. [Verbal n. formed from אִיֵּר, Pi. of איר.]

אִיּוּשׁ m.n. nh manning. [Verbal n. of אִיֵּשׁ, Pi. of אישׁ.]

אִיּוּת m.n. nh spelling. [Verbal n. of אִיֵּת. See אית.]

אֵיזֶה pron. (in the Bible written in two words אֵי־זֶה) 1 who? which? what? 2 pbh some, any. [Compounded of אֵי (= where), and זֶה (= this). cp. אֵיזוֹ, אֵיזֶהוּ, אֵיזוֹהִי, אֵילוּ, and the second element in כֵּיצַד. cp. also אֵי□.]

אֵיזֹה, אֵיזוֹ pron. pbh f. of אֵיזֶה (q.v.). [Compounded of אֵי (= where) and זוֹ (= this), f. of זֶה.]

אֵיזֶהוּ pron. pbh who is? which is? [Properly two words: אֵיזֶה הוּא.]

אִיזוֹ□ fw combining form meaning ‘equal’ (as in אִיזוֹבָּר). [Gk. iso-, from isos (= equal), which is related to Gk. eidos (= form, shape). See אִידֵאָה.]

אִיזוֹבָּר m.n. fw isobar. [Compounded of Gk. isos (= equal), and baros (= weight). See אִיזוֹ□ and בָּרוֹמֶטֶר.]

אֵיזוֹהִי f. pron. pbh who is? which is? [Properly two words: אִיזוֹ הִיא (q.v.).]

אִיזוֹטוֹפּ m.n. pbh isotope. [Eng. isotope (lit.: ‘having the same place’), from Gk. isos (= equal) and topos (= place). See אִיזוֹ□ and טוֹפּוֹגְרַפְיָה. The term isotope was introduced into chemistry by the English chemist Frederick Soddy in 1913 at the suggestion of Margaret Todd.]

אִיזוֹלַצְיָה f.n. fw isolation. [Fren. isolation, from isoler, back formation from isolé, from It. isolato, p. part. of isolare (= to isolate), from isola (= island), from L. īnsula, which is of uncertain origin. Following the ancients, some modern philologists derive L. īnsula from in salō (= that which is in the sea), from in (= in), and ablative of salum (= the open sea, the high sea). cp. Gk. en-alos, en-alios (= in the sea), from en (= in), and als, gen. alos (= m. salt, f. sea). cp. אִינְסוּלִין. For the ending of אִיזוֹלַצְיָה see suff. □יָה.]

אִיזוֹתֶרְם m.n. fw isotherm. [Compounded of Gk. isos (= equal), and therme (= heat). See אִיזוֹ□ and תֶּרֽמוֹס.] Derivative: אִיזוֹתֶרֽמִי.

אִיזוֹתֶרְמִי adj. fw isothermal. [Formed from אִיזוֹתֶרְם with suff. □ִי.]

אִיזְם m.n. fw (pl. אִיזְמִין) ism. [Back formation from words ending in □ִיזְם.]

אִיטְרִיּוּם m.n. fw yttrium (chemistry). [Modern L., coined by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander (1797–1858), from Ytterby, name of a town in Sweden, place of its discovery.]

אֵיךְ adv. how, in what manner. [Shortened from אֵיכָה (adv.). cp. Aram. אֵיךְ (= as, how), Syr. אַיֽךְ (= as, such as, as if, as it were). Ugar. ’k (= how, why, so). Derivatives: איך, אֵיכוּת. cp. הֵיךְ.

איך to qualify. [Formed from אֵיךְ (= how).] — Pi. אִיֵךְ tr. v. mh he qualified. — Pu. אֻיַךְ mh was qualified. — Niph. נִתְאַיֵךְ mh he acquired a quality, was qualified. Derivatives: אִיּוּךְ, מְאֻיָּךְ.

אַיֶּךָּ, אַיֶּכָּה where art thou? where are you? [See אַיֵּה.]

אִיכָּא adv. pbh there is, there are. [Aram., contraction of אִית כָּא (lit.: ‘there is here’, or ‘there are here’). Aram. אִית is related to Heb. יֵשׁ (= there is, there are). For the etymology of Aram. כָּא see כֹּה. cp. לֵיכָּא.]

אֵיכָה^I adv. how, in what manner. [Compounded of אֵי□ and □כָּה; see אֵי and כֹּה and cp. אֵיךְ. cp. also אֵיכוֹ, אֵיכָכָה.]

אֵיכָה^II pbh the Book of Lamentations. [So called from אֵיכָה (= how), the first word of the first chapter of the Book.]

אַיֶּֽכָּה see אַיֶּךָּ.

אֵיכוֹ, אֵיכֹה adv. where. [Derivatively identical with אֵיכָה^I.]

אֵיכוּת f.n. mh (pl. אֵיכֻיּוֹת) quality. [Coined from אֵיךְ (= how), and suff. □וּת as loan translation of Arab. kayfiyya^h (= quality), which was formed from kayfa (= how), with suff. -iyya^h. Derivative: אֵיכוּתִי.