Human-centered design


Mental models are schemas of dynamic systems, objects & equipment



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Mental models are schemas of dynamic systems, objects & equipment

  • Ex. VCRs, interactive web environments, etc.


long-term memory: design strategies



long-term memory: design strategies

  • If information is to be remembered, make it meaningful.

    • organize into meaningful associations
    • present in multiple modes so that one can reinforce the other
    • design in a manner consistent with existing mental models or pre-existing knowledge
    • design information to highlight important connections and relationship
  • Embed knowledge in the world to support development of accurate mental models; use natural mappings



summary Human Factors implications

  • Human systems – memory, attention, perception – provide unique design constraints of which designers should be aware

  • Simple, commonsensical approaches to interface and information design

    • avoiding clutter
    • making things distinct and visible
    • reducing cognitive load from extraneous information
    • Designing interfaces to accommodate human expectations of the web
  • can make a difference in learning from web-based environments

  • The more cognitive resources (attention, memory, etc.) that you can focus on the educational task, the better the outcomes –

  • HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN MATTERS



human-centered principles & interface design

  • Interface

    • Mediator between a user and the underlying system or environment
    • Can either facilitate or inhibit use depending upon how well they incorporate human-centered principles


design heuristics Jakob Nielsen

  • 10 Design Heuristics

    • Visibility of system status
    • Match between system and real world
    • User control and freedom
    • Consistency and standards
    • Error prevention
    • Recognition rather than recall
    • Flexibility and efficiency of use
    • Aesthetic and minimalist design
    • Help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors
    • Help and documentation


design heuristics: visibility of system status



design heuristics: control & freedom



design heuristics: consistency & standards



design heuristics: error prevention



design heuristics: flexibility & efficiency of use





design heuristics: help & documentation



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