I. Introduction Loss Prevention Surveys

Lockout/Tagout (29 CFR 1910.147)

Hazardous Energy Source Program - Lockout/Tagout

This program is designed to provide employees with the minimum safety requirements

they should follow when working on or around equipment which uses electricity. The

program is designed to prevent employees from coming into contact with energized

equipment or a power supply which can result in an injury. The program includes the

following procedures:

Identification of the energy sources for each piece of equipment used at the hotel

which could be activated and result in injuries.

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  The steps that will be used for applying lockouts or tagouts.
  
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  The name or job titles of employees authorized to lock or tag equipment out.
  
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  Training methods for employees who work in or near areas where lockouts and
  
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  tagouts will be applied and procedures for training new employees assigned to these
  
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  areas.
  
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  Reviewing, retraining, and updating the program at least once a year to ensure it
  
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  meets the needs of the hotel and provides the necessary protection to the employees.
  

Definitions

Lockout - the preferred method used to isolate energy sources. It should be used

whenever possible. Lockout means the equipment or the energy source has a lock placed

on it so the device or energy source can not be activated while the lock is in place.

Tagout - a tag is placed on the equipment or energy source warning others that

maintenance is being performed on the equipment. It does not stop the equipment from

being energized. The tagout is the least desirable method and should be used only in

limited circumstances.

Qualified Per sons - those persons who have been trained to work on or near energized

equipment.

Unqualified Per son is not permitted to work on or near exposed energized parts. All

persons who work at the hotel will be considered unqualified unless trained and

approved as qualified by the Chief Engineer.

Energy Sources

The chief engineer and/or the hotel's electrician (or person with the most knowledge of

electrical equipment) should identify all sources of potentially hazardous energy and the

methods that will be used to isolate the energy source. All of the equipment should be

listed on the Hazardous Energy Source Checklist. The list should be signed and dated by

the Chief Engineer. It should be the Chief Engineer's duty to keep this list current.

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Training

Training for the Hazardous Energy Source Program should be done by the Chief

Engineer and/or the hotel's electrician. All effected employees should be required to read

and understand all aspects of the program. The training should include a basic review of

electrical terms and safety precautions as well as the procedures for lockout/tagout. After

the classroom review, the Chief Engineer or the electrician should conduct on-the job

training to ensure all procedures have been understood. This training should continue for

as long as necessary until the employee(s) fully understands the procedures. No

employee should be allowed to perform any of these job functions until they have been

trained and the training has been documented. It will be the Chief Engineer's duty to keep

all records current on training and authorized persons. A master list for all training

should be kept in the Chief Engineer's office. Additional copies of signed documentation

should be kept in the employee's personnel file. No transferred or new employee will be

allowed to work on or near any energy source until the training is completed and

documented.

It should be the hotel's policy to de-energize electrical equipment rather than expose

employees to energized equipment. If exceptions are necessary, only people trained and

qualified to perform this type of work will be allowed near the equipment. The training

will include the following:

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  The skills and techniques necessary to distinguish energized parts from other parts of
  
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  electric equipment.
  
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  The skills necessary to determine the normal voltage of exposed live parts and the
  
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  necessary clearance based on this voltage.
  
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  The proper use of protective equipment and tools to minimize exposure when
  
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  servicing energized equipment.
  
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  Training documentation forms are located in the appendix.
  

All Employee Training

All employees who may come in contact with electrical sources should be trained in basic

electrical safety. This training includes:

Hazards associated with electrical installations and equipment. The specific training

will depend on the equipment and the exposure of the employee. The Hazardous

Energy Source Checklist will be used as a guide in determining exposures.

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  The importance of leaving safety devices operational. The importance of leaving
  
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  covers in place.
  
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  The importance of good housekeeping.
  
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  Grounding requirements.
  
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  Disconnect and restart procedures. The hazards of accidental or unexpected restarts.
  
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  The meaning of lockouts and tagouts.
  
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  Areas where only qualified people may enter.
  
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  The meaning of the various types of electrical warning signs.
  
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  Training documentation forms are located in the appendix.
  

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Tagout Regulations:

Tags are warning devices only. A tag should only be removed by the person who

installed it. A tag must never be bypassed, ignored, or defeated. Tags should be legible.

Employees must understand what they are and the rules for their use.

All employees who receive training should sign a confirmation of this training. Copies

should be kept in their personnel files and a master list should be kept by the Chief

Engineer.
Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Workplace activities such as constructing, installing, adjusting, inspecting, modifying,

maintaining and servicing machines and equipment should be done in accordance with

the hotel's lockout/tagout procedures. Only persons properly trained in these procedures

will be allowed to perform these tasks. Records documenting the training should be

available at the hotel. A list of persons authorized to perform lockouts or tagouts should

be kept by the Chief Engineer.

The basic steps for completing a lockout/tagout include:

Locate and identify all isolating devices. Isolating devices can be switches, circuit

breakers, valves, or other devices. Remember, more than one energy source may

supply a single piece of equipment.

Notify all affected employees that a lockout/tagout is going to be implemented and

the reason.

Inform the employees that the lockout/tagout can only be removed by the person who

placed it on the equipment. Also, inform them they must not try to start or operate

the equipment in any way as long as the lockout/tagout is in effect.

If the equipment is operating, shut it down using the normal shut down procedures.

Disconnect the switch, valve, or the other energy source so the equipment can not be

started. Stored energy such as in springs, elevated machine parts, rotating flywheels,

hydraulic systems, and air, gas, or water pressure should be dissipated or restrained

by methods such as repositioning, blocking, bleeding, etc.

Put your individual lock or tag on the device that controls the energy source

supplying the equipment so it can not be activated. Each qualified person should

have an individual lock or tag that identifies them so it can be easily determined who

is working on the equipment. There should only be one key per lock per qualified

employee.

Make sure no one is in or near the equipment, then test the equipment to make sure it

is properly locked out by activating the operating controls. After testing, turn the

controls back to the off or neutral position.

After the service, maintenance or repair has been completed and the equipment is ready

for normal operation, check the area around it to make sure no one is exposed. Remove

all tools, replace the guards, and then remove the lock or tag. Operate the energy devices

to restore the energy and test the equipment to make sure it is working properly. Inform

the employees the work is completed and the equipment is ready for use.

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Group Lockout/Tagout Procedures

If more than one person is required to use a lockout/tagout, each person shall place

his/her own personal lock or tag on the energy-isolating device(s). If the equipment will

not accept more than one lock or tag, then a multiple lockout/tagout device (hasp) may be

used. This is acceptable as long as all locks require removal before the energy source can

be activated. If neither of these methods will work, a single lock will be allowed if the

key to the lock is kept in a cabinet with multiple hasps. Each person who is working on

the equipment will place a lock on the cabinet. The key for the lock to the energy source

can not be removed from the cabinet until all the locks have been removed. As each

employee is finished, he/she removes his/her lock. The last person removing a lock has

access to the key locking out the energy source and is responsible for activating the

equipment. Group lockout/tagout should only be used by employees trained and

authorized to use group lockouts. A list of authorized group lockout/tagout persons

should be kept by the Chief Engineer.

Program Review

This program will be reviewed at least annually to ensure the procedures are adequate.

The review should be done by the Safety Committee with the guidance and help of the

Chief Engineer and the hotel's electrician.

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Asbestos Awareness (29 CFR 1910.1001)

OSHA has enacted asbestos related regulations designed to protect employees from the

hazards associated with asbestos exposure. They require businesses who operate in

buildings constructed prior to 1981 to presume that certain building materials contain

asbestos unless the presumption is rebutted by laboratory testing. These presumed

asbestos containing materials are subject to special handling and training requirements.

Presumed asbestos containing materials will be referred to here as PACMs. Employee’s

who could potentially become exposed to asbestos in the workplace must be trained upon

hire or job change and then annually there after. Typically in a hotel environment, this

training is limited to engineering and housekeeping, however, each hotel must determine

which employees could potentially become exposed. Training should be documented in

the employees personnel file. A sample training form is included in the appendix.

Sample Asbestos Awareness program

Introduction

Asbestos, once the solution to thousands of industrial problems, is now known to pose

certain health risks to people with significant repetitive exposures, primarily

occupational. The risk of developing any asbestos related disease or condition depends

on the quantity of asbestos fibers inhaled over a period of time (the dose). Under normal

conditions, the air in buildings carries no heavier dose (or amount) of asbestos fibers than

outside air. Care should be taken not to disturb in place asbestos containing materials so

that fibers do not become airborne.

This awareness program has been designed to provide you with an understanding of

asbestos, its health effects and means of exposure. The program will also describe what

materials in the hotel are presumed to contain asbestos. You will be advised where they

may be located in the hotel.

What is Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that is usually excavated from open-pit mines.

The asbestos is then crushed to free the fibers. The three most common types of asbestos

found in today's industrial applications include:

Chrysotile - The most often used asbestos. It is highly resistant to heat and can

easily be spun into asbestos cloth. It is commonly referred to as "white asbestos” and

can be found in pipe insulation and ceiling tile. When damaged it will look like a

white powdery substance.

Amosite - Commonly referred to as "brown asbestos", is highly resistant to heat and

acid. It has been used mainly in bulk form for thermal and molded pipe insulation.

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Crocidolite - Highly resistant to acid, is used to make battery cases and acid-resistant

cement pipes. Crocidolite is also commonly referred to as "blue asbestos".

Asbestos is usually mixed with a material that binds the fibers together so it can be used

in many different products. In a bonded state, asbestos poses no danger to you. There are

two forms of asbestos you should be aware of:

Fr iable asbestos can be crushed or reduced to a powder by hand pressure. Because it

is easily crumbled, friable asbestos is more likely to release fibers into the air.

Examples include sprayed-on materials used for fire-proofing, insulation or sound

proofing.

Non-fr iable asbestos does not usually release airborne fibers unless it is subjected to

cutting, sanding or grinding. Materials such as vinyl asbestos floor tile or roofing

felts are considered non-friable.

Where Asbestos is located

Prior to the 1980’s, asbestos was commonly used in commercial building products.

Below is a list of presumed asbestos containing materials (PACMs) in buildings built

prior to 1981.

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  Vinyl floor tiles.
  
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  Patching compounds manufactured before 1977.
  
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  Wall and ceiling insulation.
  
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  Sprayed on textured ceilings.
  
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  Sprayed on insulation and fire-proofing.
  
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  Sprayed or troweled ceiling or wall acoustical or decorative treatments.
  
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  Insulation encasing pipes, heating ducts, furnaces, and boilers.
  
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  Some roofing and siding shingles.
  

You should contact your chief engineer to determine where asbestos may be located in

your hotel.

Means of Exposure

Asbestos containing materials (ACM) used in commercial buildings are not hazardous in

their original condition and OSHA does not require their removal. ACM's only become

hazardous when they are Damaged or Deteriorated and Friable and Airborne.

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Conditions that can cause damage or

deterioration include:

Evidence of deterioration includes:

Water.

Aging.

Vibration.

Impact such as striking.

Cutting or penetration.

Debris on horizontal surfaces.

Hanging material.

Cracks.

Scrapes or marks.

Missing or dislodged material.

Stains due to water damage.

In addition, work operations involving disturbance of ACMs can cause release of the

materials’ fibers.

If you perform housekeeping, maintenance, or repair work, you should be aware of a

possible asbestos exposure. ACMs which are encapsulated or undamaged are not a health

hazard. You should always avoid any PACM that is damaged, deteriorated and friable.

You will be advised where PACMs are located in your building. If you find a PACM is

damaged or deteriorated or find what appears to be debris from a PACM on the floor or

any other surface, seal off the area and notify your supervisor. Do not attempt to handle

the PACM or the debris yourself.

Health Effects

Airborne fibers are too small to be seen by the human eye. When you breathe airborne

asbestos fibers into your lungs, the body traps some of the fibers in the nose and throat.

Some fibers can pass through the nose and throat, down your windpipe and into the

lungs. Once there, they can become embedded in the alveoli. The alveoli allow the

gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to take place.

Once asbestos fibers enter the alveoli, they cannot be removed. Over a long period of

time and with multiple significant exposures, scar tissue can form. This reduces the

alveoli's ability to pass oxygen into the blood stream and causes shortness of breath, a

condition that is called asbestosis. Asbestosis is also suspected to cause cancer in various

organs or the digestive tract.

Other diseases caused by years of significant unprotected exposure to asbestos include

lung cancer and mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the lungs or abdominal cavities.

Symptoms of these diseases do not develop immediately; they may take 20 years or more

to occur and most workers, even those with multiple exposures, do not develop the

diseases.

Asbestos related communications

Your supervisor or chief engineer will advise you regarding where PACMs may be

located in your hotel and can provide additional information regarding its health effects.

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Housekeeping Requirements

If you work around ACM's during your job activities, it is important that you follow good

housekeeping and safe work practices to prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air.

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  Strip floor finishes using wet methods and low abrasion pads at speeds lower than
  
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  300 revolutions per minute (rpm).
  
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  Only burnish and dry buff flooring that contains asbestos if it has enough finish so
  
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  that the pad cannot contact the ACM.
  
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  Never drill holes or hammer nails in walls or ceilings that contain asbestos.
  
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  Never hang plants or anything else from ceilings or pipes covered with asbestos
  
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  materials.
  
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  Do not disturb asbestos material when replacing light bulbs.
  
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  Never hang pictures on walls covered with ACM.
  
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  Avoid damaging ACM while moving furniture.
  
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  Do not let curtains, drapes or dividers damage ACM.
  
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  Avoid touching or disturbing ceilings and walls covered with asbestos materials.
  
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  When removing air filters, never shake the filter. It is best not to remove the filter
  

when dry. Mist the filter with water first. Always properly dispose of filters.

If your work requires you to perform the floor stripping or filter removing tasks described

above, don’t perform them without first contacting the chief engineer and asking for

instructions about how to do them. Also, contact your supervisor or chief engineer if you

have any questions regarding any of the other procedures noted above.

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OSHA Record Keeping Requirements Forms 300, 300A & 301

OSHA requires hotels which at any time during the year employ 11 or more employees to

keep a record of occupational injuries and illnesses. An occupational injury or illness is

any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, etc., which results from a work-related incident

or from exposure involving a single incident in the work environment. You are required

to record any injury or illness which results in one of the following:

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  Death of an employee.
  
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  One or more workdays lost.
  
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  Restriction of work or motion.
  
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  Transfer to another job due to an injury or illness.
  
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  Loss of consciousness.
  
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  Medical treatment (other than first aid).
  
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  Needlestick injuries (Must record for every incident and include the type and brand of
  
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  the device involved in the incident in Column F of Form 300)
  

Unless state or local law requires otherwise, work-related injuries and illnesses are

recorded in two places.

OSHA Form 301 - Injury and Illness Incident Report - Each occupational injury or illness

must be recorded here within seven calendar days from the time the employer learns of it.

Substitutes for Form 301, such as your states 1st report of injury form, may be used as

long as they contain all of the information on Form 301.

OSHA Form 300 - Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses - Each occupational injury

or illness must be logged on this form within seven calendar days from the time the

employer learns of it. At year's end, Form 300 should be totaled. This information

should be recorded on OSHA Form 300A, Summary of Work-Related Injuries and

Illnesses. Form 300A should be posted in an area accessible to employees from February

1st to April 30th. On May 1st, this form should be filed and held for five years at the

hotel.

Form 301 or its substitute, Form 300, and Form 300A should be retained for the current

year and for five additional years. To provide the government inspector with only the

information he/she has requested, each year's records should be kept in separate files.

Reporting Serious Injuries

If an on-the-job accident occurs which results in the death of an employee or in the

hospitalization of three (3) or more employees, the employer is required by law to make a

detailed report of the accident to the nearest OSHA office within 8 hours. (1-800-321-

OSHA).

Included in the appendix is an order form for the OSHA Form 300, 300A, and 301.

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Personal Protective Equipment (29 CFR 1910.132)

OSHA requires that employees be protected from hazards. The best way to protect the

employee is to eliminate the hazard. This may be done through elaborate engineering

controls or simple product changes. If however, the hazard can not be eliminated, it must

be controlled. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is designed to protect employees

from these hazards.

Hazard Assessment

Many jobs in a hotel are going to have some type of function that exposes the employee

to a hazard for which PPEs are an effective means of reducing the risk of injury. When it

is determined that these hazards are present, the hotel should:

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  Select, and have each affected employee use the proper PPE which will protect them
  
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  from a hazard.
  
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  Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee.
  
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  Ensure that the PPE properly fits each affected employee.
  

The hotel should verify the required workplace hazard assessment has been performed

through a written certification which identifies the workplace, the person certifying the

evaluation, and the date. A sample copy of this form is included in the appendix.