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Paying attention to linguistic features and decoding each sound and word for
semantic meaning requires the use of bottom-up listening process (Siegel, 2011).
Clement (2007) explains in detail how a leamer makes sense of a newly
encountered word by giving the example of the word "founder. She states that
the learners call to mind words that sound similar like "found, fan" at the time
they hear the first letter of the word. As the next sounds are activated, some of
the words that do not match are sitted out. As the word found and founder will
be activated till the -er sound in realized, it will take some time to isolate the
word "founder". Field (1999) asserts that this process takes no more than 25
seconds. As an example of bottom-up strategy, a dictogloss, which helps leamers
to notice the divisions between words, can be given. The teacher reads a few
sentences and asks students to write down how many words there should be in
the written form. The task may sound simple, but weak forms can be problematic
for some learners: therefore, the teacher should speak in a natural way.
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Some
example sentences are "She doesn't like it "Td better leave soon". "Let's go to
cinema" etc.
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