№
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Themes
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Hours
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1
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Introduction. Latin alphabet.
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2
|
|
Fonetics. Short and long vowels. Stress.
|
2
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2
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Verbs
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2
|
|
Active and passive voices of verbs
|
2
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3
|
Nouns
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2
|
|
The first declination of nouns
|
2
|
4
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The second declination of nouns, masculine gender
|
2
|
|
The second declination of nouns, neuter gender
|
2
|
5
|
Adjectives
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2
|
|
The first and second declination of adjectives
|
2
|
6
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The third declination of nouns
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2
|
|
The masculine gender of the third declination
|
2
|
7
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The feminine gender of the third declination
|
2
|
|
The neuter gender of the third declination
|
2
|
8
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II group of adjectives
|
2
|
|
8 weeks total studies
|
2
|
9
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Degrees of comparison of adjectives
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2
|
|
Prepositions. Conjunctions.
|
2
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10
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Adverbs. Pronouns. Numerals.
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2
|
|
Fourth and fifth declinations of nouns
|
2
|
11
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Coordination of nouns with adjectives
|
2
|
|
Chemical nomenclature. Exercises
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2
|
12
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Recipe. Structure of recipes
|
2
|
|
Abbreviations and expressions
|
2
|
13
|
Recipes. Exercises
|
2
|
|
Recipes. Exercises
|
2
|
14
|
Recipes. Exercises
|
2
|
|
Clinical terminologies
|
2
|
15
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Exercises on clinical terminologies
|
2
|
|
15 weeks total studies
|
2
|
N
|
Themes
|
Hours
|
1.
|
Physiology is science about the dynamics of whole organism. History of physiology development. Methods of investigations in physiology.
General peculiarities of living organisms. Excitability. Excitation. Inhibition. General physiological principles of organism structure: correlation, regulation, reflex reaction, self organization, self regulation, functional system.
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2
|
2.
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Morphophysiological properties of muscles. Types of muscle contraction. Summation of muscle contractions. Mechanism of tetanic muscle contraction. Motor unit. Muscular tone. Modern idea about mechanism of muscle contraction. Muscle work and strength. Muscle fatigue. Morphophysiological properties of smooth muscles. Nerve-muscle junction.
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2
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3.
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Receptors, their classification. Morphophysiological peculiarities of nerves. Peculiarities of transmission of excitation in nerve fibers. Classification of nerve fibers. Components of nerve trunk action potential. Nerve indefatigability. Parabiosis. Coordination of reflex processes. Convergence and occlusion. Irradiation of excitation in central nervous system. Reciprocal innervation. Principle of dominant. Methods of research of the CNS activity.
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2
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4.
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Physiology of spinal cord. Spinal shock. Medulla oblongata and mesencephalon. Decerebrate rigidity. Physiology of reticular formation. Diencephalon. Specific and non-specific nuclei. Functions of hypothalamus. Limbic system. Subcortical nuclei. Physiology of cerebellum.
Morphological properties of vegetative nervous system. Differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, their synergism and relative antagonism. Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
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2
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5.
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Physiology of blood. Blood volume, hematocrit, pH of blood, osmotic pressure. Functional systems regulating the constancy of homeostatic parameters of blood etc. Defense functions of blood.
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|
6.
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Significance of blood circulation for organism. Valvular apparatus. Phases of cardiac cycle. Stroke volume of the heart and cardiac output. Physiological properties of cardiac muscle. Neurohumoral regulation of heart activity. Role of reflexogenic zones and cerebral cortex in regulation of heart activity.
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2
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7.
|
External manifestations of heart activity, methods of research. Electrocardiography. Heart sounds. Phonocadiography.
Basic principles of hemodynamics. Rate of blood flow and its determination. Measure of arterial pressure in human and animal. Arterial pulse and its main parameters. Vasomotor centers. Neurohumoral regulation of vasomotor center. Role of reflexogenic zones and cerebral cortex in regulation of vascular tone. Limph circulation and its regulation mechanisms.
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2
|
N
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Themes
|
Hours
|
1
|
Introduction. Organization and aim of physiological experiments. Methods of physiological investigation. The apparatus and physiological solutions used in the physiological experiments.
Physiology of excitable tissues.
- Making of neuro-muscular preparation, methods of irritation and determination of stimulation threshold.
- First and second experiments of Galvani. Matteucci experiment.
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2
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2
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Action of direct electrical current on excitable tissues.
- Making of non-polarizable electrodes.
- Polar rule of excitation.
- Physiological electrotonus and perielectrotonus.
- Rule of muscle contraction.
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2
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3
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Muscle contraction. Muscle work, strength and fatigue.
- Recording and analyses of solitary muscle contraction.
- Action of power and frequency of stimulation and temperature on the solitary muscle contraction.
- Muscular work at various loads and determination of absolute muscular strength.
- Recording of human muscle fatigue. Ergography.
- Study the fatigue phenomenon on isolated muscle.
- Observation of nerve indefatigability.
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2
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4.
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Laws of conduction of excitation. Types of muscle contraction.
- Observation of laws of conduction of excitation.
- Mechanism of conduction of excitation in synapses. Study the effect of curare on the conduction of excitation at nerve-muscle synapse.
- Effect of stimulation strength, stimulation frequency and temperature on a muscle solitary contraction.
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2
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5.
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Independent work. Solving the tests, crosswords and situational tasks on “Neuro-muscular physiology” Concluding session.
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2
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6.
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Physiology of CNS. Excitation and inhibition in the CNS.
- Observation of spinal cord reflexes.
- Observation of CNS Inhibition. Experiments of Sechenov and Holts.
- Study the influence of chemical substances on CNS excitability.
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2
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7.
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Methods of investigation of CNS activity.
- Electroencephalography (EEG).
- Recording of evoked potential.
- Recording of neuron action potential.
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2
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8.
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Analyzers.
- Determination of dependence between the stimulation strength and intensity of sensation (Weber- Fechner law).
- Determination of tactile sensation.
- Determination of gustatory sensation.
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2
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9.
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-Determination of visual acuity.
-Determination of visual field.
-Determination of hearing acuity.
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2
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10
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Independent work. Solving the tests, crosswords and situational tasks on “Physiology of CNS” and “Analyzers”.
Concluding session.
|
2
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11
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Physical and chemical properties, amount, content and functions of blood.
- Separation of blood into plasma and formed elements.
- Determination of blood buffer properties.
|
2
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12
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Erythrocytes. Hemoglobin. ESR.
- Counting of erythrocytes.
- Determination of hemoglobin content.
- Calculation of color index.
- Determination of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.
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2
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13
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Blood groups. Rhesus factor. Leucocytes.
- Determination of blood groups
- Determination of Rhesus factor.
- Counting of leucocytes.
|
2
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14
|
Thrombocytes. Blood coagulation.
- Counting of thrombocytes.
- Determination of blood clotting time.
|
2
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15
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Independent work. Solving the tests, crosswords and situational tasks on “Blood system physiology”.
Concluding session.
|
3
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