If clause prezentare Tip zero

IF Clause

• prezentare

Tip zero

• Se refera la actiuni prezente, perfect realizabile.

• Ex.:

• Daca plouă, imi iau umbrela.

• If it rains I take my umbrella.

Tip I

• Se refera la actiuni viitoare, posibil realizabile.

• Ex.:

• Daca va ploua, imi voi lua umbrela.

• If it rains I’ll take my umbrella.

• Observatie: Chiar daca in romana folosim viitor dupa “daca”, in engleza se foloseste doar prezentul!

Tip II

• Se refera la actiuni prezente, teoretic posibile. Se traduce cu conditional-optativul prezent din romana.

• Ex.:

• Daca ar ploua, mi-as lua umbrela.

• If it rained, I would take my umbrella.

• ! Atentie la urmatoarea exprimare:

• Daca as fi in locul tau, m-as duce acolo.

• If I were you I would go there.

• Observatie: in cazul conditionalei tip II se foloseste “were” la toate persoanele, inclusiv “he”,”she”,”it”!

Tip III

• Se refera la actiuni trecute, imposibil de a se mai realiza. Se traduce cu conditional-optativul perfect (trecut) din romana.

• Ex.:

• Daca ar fi plouat, mi-as fi luat umbrela.

• If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

• Atentie!!! Se mai poate traduce si cu imperfectul din romana, insa exprima tot o conditie, nu o actiune in desfasurare:

• Daca ploua, imi luam umbrela.

• If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

recapitulare

would sau could sau should sau might ?

• Could => cand vrem sa exprimam “a putea”

• Might => cand vrem sa exprimam “s-ar putea”

• Should => cand vrem sa exprimam “ar trebui”

• Would => in restul situatiilor

would sau could sau should sau might ?

• Ex.:

• Daca ai fi vrut, ai fi putut merge acolo. (tip III)

• If you had wanted, you could have gone there.

• Daca ai fi vrut, s-ar fi putut sa reusesti. (tip III)

• If you had wanted, you might have succeeded.

• Daca ai fi vrut cartea, ar fi trebuit sa-mi spui. (tip III)

• If you had wanted the book, you should have told me.

• Daca ai fi vrut, te-ai fi dus acolo. (tip III)

• If you had wanted, you would have gone there.

In cadrul frazei, propozitia principala se poate inversa cu propozitia conditionala (adica cea introdusa prin “daca”)

• Atentie la ordinea de aplicare a coloanelor din tabelul anterior!

• Ex:

• Te duci daca doresti. (tip 0)

• You go if you want. (present in princip.+present in “if”)

• Te vei duce daca vei dori. (tip I)

• You will go if you want. (future in princip.+present in “if”)

• Te-ai duce daca ai dori (tip II).

• You would go if you wanted. (condit.present in princip.+past in “if”)

• Te-ai fi dus daca ai fi dorit. (tip III)

• You would have gone if you had wanted. (condit.perfect in princip.+past perfect in “if”)

Conditionale mixte

• Daca m-ai fi ascultat, nu ai fi acum aici. – mixta III cu II

• If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be here now.

• Observatie:

• propozitia conditionala se refera la trecut (daca m-ai fi ascultat).

• propozitia principala se refera la prezent (nu ai fi acum aici).

“unless” in loc de “if”

• “unless” inlocuieste doua negatii printr-o negatie si o afirmatie.

• * Ex. de informatie care poate fi exprimata prin “if” sau prin “unless”, cu schimbare din negativ in afirmativ:

• Nu mi-as lua palaria daca tie nu ti-ar placea (tip II).

• I wouldn’t take the hat if you didn’t like it.

• Sau

• I wouldn’t take the hat unless you liked it.

• Obs.: fraza cu “unless” mai poate fi tradusa “nu as lua palaria fara ca tie sa-ti placa” – in acest caz se vede clar la care verb avem afirmatia si la care negatia.

Conditionala cu “but for” in loc de “daca n-ar fi”/”daca n-ar fi fost”

• Daca n-ar fi scoala, am pleca in vacanta.(tip II)

• If it weren’t for school, we would leave on holiday.

• Sau:

• But for school, we would leave on holiday.

• Daca n-ar fi fost scoala, am fi plecat in vacanta.(tip III)

• If it hadn’t been for school we would have gone on holiday.

• Sau:

• But for school, we would have gone on holiday.

Inversiuni

• Daca el ar fi fost acolo, mi-ar fi adus ceva.(tip III)

• If he had been there he would have brought me something.

• Sau

• Had he been there, he would have brought me something. (mai ales in limbaj formal)

• Obs.: la conditionala tip III “had” trece in locul lui “if”, care dispare.

• # Acelasi lucru se poate aplica si in cazul conditionalei de tip II, dar doar cand avem “were”dupa “daca”.

• Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult.(tip II)

• If I were you I would learn more.

• Sau

• Were I you, I would learn more. (mai ales in limbaj formal)