28. Answer: G
Explain
· Key words: adults, intended goals, affect, play, children
· Hirsch-Pasek et al (paragraph 8) state that the adult‟s role in play varies according to their educational goals. In other words, adults‟ goals affect how they play with children (by taking different roles).
· The answer is G.
29. Answer: F
Explain
· Key words: combining, work, play, best, children, learn
· Joan Goodman (paragraph 7) suggested that “hybrid forms of work and play can provide optimal contexts for learning”. This means that such hybrid, or combination, could be the best way for children to learn.
· Combine = hybrid
· Best = optimal
30. Answer: E
Explain
· Key words: certain, elements, play, more significant,
· While Rubin et al (paragraph 5 and 6) considered all aspects, or dimensions, of play along a continuum from less playful to more playful, they did not state that certain elements of play are more important than others: “Rubin and colleagues did not assign greater weight to any one dimension in determining playfulness”. However, Pellegrini (paragraph 6) suggested that two aspects are “the most important”, namely “process orientation” and “a lack of obvious functional purpose”. It can be inferred that Pellegrini considered these two aspects more important (more significant) than others.
· Elements = aspects
· Significant = weight
31. Answer: C
Explain
· Key words: activities, classified, scale, playfulness
· Rubin and colleagues (paragraph 5) claim that play is defined as more or less playful according to a set of criteria. In other words, there is a scale of playfulness for play. Thus, the matching researchers are Rubin et al.
· Scale = continuum
32. Answer: NO
Explain
· Key words: children, toys, play
· In the second sentence of the passage, the author states that children will play in any circumstances, even when they have no real toys. Thus, it is incorrect to say that children need toys to play.
33. Answer: YES
Explain
· Key words: mistake, play, learning, separate, activities
· The distinction between learning and play can be found in the last sentence of paragraph 2: “our society has created a false dichotomy between play and learning”. The word “dichotomy” means division, distinction between opposite things. Thus, it is false to treat play and learning as separate activities.
· Mistake = false
· Separate types = dichotomy
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