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participants given oxytocin invest more money than those given placebo

23. 
    game
    

Explanation: Section C: Simone Shamay – Tsoory at the University of Haifa, Israel, found that when volunteers played a competitive game, …. Participants instead of volunteers Took part in = play

23. 
    strangers
    

Explanation: Section D: Studies conducted by Carolyn DeClerck of the University of Antwerp, Belgium, revealed that people who had received a dose of oxytocin actually became less cooperative when dealing with complete strangers. Lack of willingness = less cooperative

23. 
    names
    

Explanation: Paragraph D: Meanwhile, Carsten De Dreu at the University of Amsterdam ……. Dutch men are quicker to associate positive words with Dutch names than with foreign ones. Positive associations = associate positive words Those from other cultures = foreign ones (Dutch names are familiar to Dutch men)

23. 
    D
    

Most managers are unaware of the significant impact of trends on the lives of consumers.

Explanation: Section 1: manager often fails to recognize the less obvious but profound ways these influences consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors. Fail to recognize = are unaware of Significant impact that trends have on = profound ways these trends are influencing Consumers ‘lives = consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors

23. 
    C
    

(Coach was anxious to safeguard his reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods – Coach worried about protecting his reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods) Explanation: Section 3: The Coach brand had been a symbol of opulence and luxury for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been to the lower price. However, that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image. Reputation = brand’s image Risked cheapening the brand’s image: risk reducing the value brand image

23. 
    A
    

(It did not require Tesco to modify its core business activities) Explanation: Section 4, last sentence: Tesco has not abandoned its traditional retail offerings but augmented its business with these innovations … Abandoned its traditional retail offerings = modify its core business activities

23. 
    D
    

(It is a form of strategy that seems to have few obvious benefits.) Explanation: Paragraph 5: “At first glance, spending … ..ounds like it’s hardly worthwhile”

A few obvious benefits = hardly worthwhile

23. 
    D
    

(It was a handheld game có addressed peoples’ Concerns about unhealthy lifestyles

• 
  it’s a handheld game solve everyone’s concerns about the lifestyles that are harmful to health) Explanation: Paragraph 6: like other handheld games, …. The ME2, introduced in mid-2008, catered to kids’ huge desire to play video games while countering the
  

negatives, such as associations with	lack	of exercise	and	obesity.
Unhealthy lifestyles: lack Countering: Against	of	exercise	and	obesity
32.				D

Explanation: Section 6: By reaffirming the toy category with physical play, the ME2 counteracted some of the widely perceived negative impacts of digital gaming devices.
“Counteracted some of the widespread negative impacts of digital gaming devices”: preventing some of the most common negative effects of video game machines. Besides the advantage of being integrated with physical play, iToys’ products also have a negative impact – the new iToys come with ME2 to address those negative effects.
Harmful effects = negative impacts

33. 
    C
    

Explanation: Section 5: In 2006, teamed up with technology company chúng Apple to launch the Nike +. Collaborate = team up with

33. 
    B
    

Explanation: Paragraph 4: … introduces its Greener Living Program, which demonstrates the firm’s commitment to protecting the environment. Incentive scheme: Greener Living Program Social responsibility – protecting the environment Commitment = responsibility

33. 
    A
    

Explanation: Section 3: … customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of tough times.
Positive attitude = eager Difficult circumstances = tough times

33. 
    C
    

Explanation: Section 5: … to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one of the core offerings … By combining Nike’s original value proposition for amateur athletes with one for digital consumers … Irrelevant = unrelated Nike: supply of sports shoes for athletes = one piece of digital goods = unrelated product sector

33. 
    A
    

Explanation: Paragraph 3: Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avert an across-the-board price cut.
Avoid = avert Bounte cho customers less = price cut

38.B

Explanation: paragraph 7, the first sentence: Once you have gained perspective on how to make changes in your opinions, you can determine which of our three innovation strategies to pursue. Identify the most appropriate … = determine which of our three….

39.C

Explanation: Paragraph 7: Finally, if aspects of the category clash with undesired outcomes of a trend, such as associations with unhealthy lifestyles, there is an opportunity to counteract those changes by reaffirming the values of your category. Negative aspect = undesired outcomes Reaffirm the value of your category = emphasize your brand’s traditional values

40.D
Explanation: Paragraph 7: If analysis reveals an increase in disparity between your category and consumers’ new focus, your innovations need to transcend the category to integrate the two worlds. Disparity = lack of connection