Answer: B
1. According to Leonard Meyer, what causes the listener’s emotional response to music?
A the way that the music evokes poignant memories in the listener B the associtiation of certain musical chords with certain feelings C the listener’s sympathy with the composer’s intentions
D the internal structure of the musical composition
Keywords: according, Leonard Meyer, causes, emotional response
In the last paragraph, it is stated that “According to Meyer, it is the suspenseful tension of music, arising out of our unfulfilled expectations, that is the source of the music’s feeling”. The author then explained in more detail: “Meyer argued that the emotions we find in music come from the unfolding events of the music itself”. So, emotional response is not connected to A or C – the listener’s memories or sympathies. “This ‘embodied meaning’ arises from the patterns the symphony invokes and then ignores”. The “unfolding events” and “the patterns the symphony invokes and then ignores” both imply the unpredictable part of any musical piece which is considered to be the most appealing. It is this part that makes the listeners want more and wait for more, therefore fully enjoy and be in sync with the music. Hence, when Meyer refers to “the music itself” and “the patterns” of the music, it can be understood that the internal structure is responsible for the listener’s feelings attached to a musical composition.
Answer: D
1. The Montreal researchers discovered that _ .
Keywords: Montreal researchers, discover
From question 34, we already know that in the Montreal study, scientists found that the caudate neurons “were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants’ favourite moments in the music”. The word: “before” is the same as “prior”, and “the participants’ favourite moments” can be considered as “key points” in the music. In addition, the fact that neurons “were at their most active” means that the level of neural activity had increased before those “key points”. Therefore, the answer should be F – neuron activity increases prior to key points in a musical piece.
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