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=>ANSWER: i

1. v. The threat to food production Keywords: threat, food, production

In paragraph E, the writer describes the impacts on the food supply: “The farms on the delta plains and fishing and aquaculture in the lagoons account for much of Egypt‟s food supply. But by the time the sediment has come to rest in the fields and lagoons it is loaded with municipal, industrial and agricultural waste…These poisons can easily enter the food chain, affecting the productivity of fishing and farming.”

+ food production = food chain, food supply

=>ANSWER: V

1. viii. Looking at the long-term impact Keywords: long-term, impact

In paragraph F, the writer discusses whether a short-term or long-term

3. 
   Causing pollution in the Mediterranean. Paragraph E refers to the pollution
   

/impacts on the food supply of Egypt, not about the pollution in the Mediterranean.=>iii is incorrect

1. 
   Less valuable sediment than before. At the end of paragraph D, the writer says that “So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents”. The writer only says that the amount of sediment to the coastline has reduced, although it has now accumulated in a different region, according to paragraph B. Solution would be suitable for Egypt. He prefers a long-term solution when looking at the long-term impact: “But there are no easy solutions. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available”.
   

=>ANSWER: Viii

Explanation for other headings:

1. The danger of flooding the Cairo area

Paragraph B mentions that one of the dam construction‟s purposes is to protect “the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought”. However, it does not refer to the danger of flooding in the Cairo area.

=>ii is incorrect

=>vi is incorrect

Questions 18 -23: YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN

1. Coastal erosion occurred along Egypt‟s Mediterranean coast before the building of the Aswan dams.

Keywords: coastal, erosion, Egypt‟s Mediterranean coast, before, Aswan dams

In paragraph A, the writer says that: “The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast at an astounding rate, in some parts estimated at 100 metres per year. In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile, but this is no longer happening”. This indicates that the coastal erosion had happened in the past, before they built the dams.

+ coastal erosion = land scoured away from the coastline