S a v o l v a to p s h ir iq la r
1 .
M a s a l a n i k o m p y u t e r d a y e c h i s h n i n g q a n d a y b o s q ic h la r i n i
b il a s i z ?
2. M a s a l a n i n g m a t e m a t i k m o d e l i g a t a ’rif b e rin g .
3. A lgoritm n i m a ?
4 . A lg o ritm n in g q a n d a y x o s s a la r i n i b ila s iz ?
5 .
B l o k - s x e m a n i m a ?
6
. B l o k - s x e m a d a q a n d a y blo klar ishtiro k e t a d i ?
7 . A lgoritm turlarini a y ti b b e rin g .
8
. Q a n d a y alg o r itm chiziqli a lg o r itm d e b a y tila d i?
9. Q a n d a y a lg o r i t m g a ta r m o q l a n u v c h i a lg o r itm d e b a y tila d i?
10. Q a n d a y a l g o r i t m g a ta k r o r la n u v c h i a lg o r itm d e b a y ti la d i ?
11. Chiziqli, t a r m o q l a n u v c h i v a t a k r o r la n u v c h i a lg o r it m l a r g a
m i s o l la r keltiring.
12. T u r b o P a s k a l m u h i t i g a kirish q a n d a y b a ja r il a d i?
13. T u r b o P a s k a l m uhiti a s o s i y m e n y u s i v a y o r d a m c h i m e n y u l a r
bilan i s h l a s h q a n d a y a m a l g a o s h iril a d i?
14. A s o s i y m e n y u b a n d l a r in i n g vazifalarini a y tib b e r i n g .
15. T u r b o P a s k a l m u h i ti d a f u n k s i o n a l t u g m a l a m i n g vazif ala rin i
a y tib b erin g .
16. R e d a k t o r b ila n i s h l a s h u c h u n a s o s i y t u g m a l a m i n g vazifalarini
a y tib b e ri n g .
369
XIII B O B . PASK A L TILIDA D A STU R LA SH
13.1. PASKAL A LG O R ITM IK T IL I HAQIDA
Paskal algoritm ik tili E H M da keng m iqyosda ish lati
ladigan tillardan biri hisoblanadi. Bu til 1969 yil Shveyt-
sariya O liy m aktabi professori N iklaus V irt to m on id an
ishlab chiqilgan. Bu til fransuz olim i B lez Paskal (bi
rinchi b o ‘lib у ig ‘jindini hisoblash qurilm asini yaratgan)
sharafiga «Paskal» deb nom landi.
Paskal tilining alfaviti:
Paskal tilida quyidagi belgilar ishlatiladi:
• K atta va kichik lotin harflari: A ,B ,....,Z , a ,b ,...,z ;
• A rab raqam lari: 0, 1 ,2 , ..., 9;
• M axsus belgilar: +, -, *, /, :=, >, <, = , ( ,) , [, ], {, },.;
•
Kalit so ‘zlar: AND -
va,
AR R A Y -
m assiv,
B E G IN
-
boshlash,
CASE -
variant,
C O NST -
o ‘zgarm as,
D IV -
butun b o ‘ lish,
D O -
baj arish,
DO W NTO
- ka-
m aytirish,
FUNCTION -
funksiya, GOTO - o 4 ish ,
IF -
agar,
IN -
o ‘z ichiga olish,
LABEL -
belgi,
MOD -
m odul,
NIL
- nol,
N O T -
inkor,
O F -
...
dan,
OR
- yoki,
PACKED -
ixcham langan,
PRO
CEDURE
- protsedura,
P R O G RAM -
program m a,
RECORD -
yozuv,
REPEAT
- takrorlash,
S E T -
to ‘plam ,
THEN -
u h olda
TO
- ...g ach a,
TYPE -
tip,
UNTIL -
...g ach a,
VAR
- o ‘zgaruvchi,
WHILE
- ...b o ‘Igan holda
WITH
- bilan.
•
Am al belgilari:
Arifm etik-.
+ (qo ‘shish), - (ayirish), / (b o ‘lish), *
(k o ‘paytirish),
D IV
(butun b o iis h ) ,
M OD
(qoldiqni
topish);
370
|