Instream Flow Council Instream flow and stream ecology literature OctoberApril 104, 2016 hb

Leigh, C., F. Sheldon, R.T. Kingsford, and A.H. Arthington. 2010. Sequential floods drive ‘booms’ and wetland persistence in dryland rivers: a synthesis. Marine and Freshwater Research 61: 896-908.
Leigh, C., B. Stewart-Koster, F. Sheldon, and M.A. Burford. 2012. Understanding multiple ecological responses to anthropogenic disturbance: rivers and potential flow regime change. Ecological Applications 22: 250-263. Doi: 10.1890/11-0983.1.
Leith, R.M., and P.H. Whitfield. 1998. Evidence of climate change effects on hydrology of streams in south-central B.C. Can. Water Resources J. 23: 219-230.
Leitman, H.M., M.R. Darst, and J.J. Nordhaus. 1991. Fishes in the forested floodplain of the Ochlockonee River, Florida, during flood and drought conditions. U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations Report 90-4202, Denver, Colorado.
Leitman, H.M., J.E. Sohm, and M.A. Franklin. 1983. Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida. USGS Water Supply Paper 2196-A.
LeMaitre, D.C., S.J. Milton, C. Jarmain, C.A. Colvin, I. Saayman, and J.H.J. Vlok. 2007. Linking ecosystem services and water resources: landscape-scale hydrology of the Little Karoo. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5 (5): 261-270.
Leman, B., and G.J. Paulik. 1966. Spill-pattern manipulation to guide migrant salmon upstream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 95: 397-407.
Leman, V.N. 1993. Spawning sites of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta: microhydrological regime and viability of progeny in redds (Kamchatka River Basin). Journal of Ichthyology 33: 104117.
LeMoune, M.T., and L.R. Bodensteiner. 2014. Barriers to upstream passage by two migratory sculpins, prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus), in northern Puget Sound lowland streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71 (11): 1758-1765. Doi: 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0029.
Lenssen, J., F. Menting, W. Van Der Putten, and K. Blom. 1999. Control of plant species richness and zonation of functional groups along a freshwater flooding gradient. Oikos 86: 523-534.
Leonard, N.J., M.A. Fritsch, J.D. Ruff, J.F. Fazio, J. Harrison, and T. Grover. 2015. The challenge of managing the Columbia River basin for energy and fish. Fisheries Management and Ecology 22: 88-98. Doi: 10.1111/fme.12106.

Leonard, P.M., and D.J. Orth. 1988. Use of habitat guilds to determine instream flow requirements. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8 (4): 399-409.

Leonard, P.M., and D.J. Orth. 1988. Habitat-use guilds and selection of instream flow target species. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Biological Report 89 [11]: 1-20).
Leonard, P.M., D.J. Orth, and C.J. Goudreau. 1986. Development of a method for recommending instream flows for fishes in the upper James River basin. Virginia Water Resources Research Bulletin 152, Blacksburg.
Leopold, L.B. 1962. Rivers. American Scientist 50: 511-537.
Leopold, L.B. 1992. The sediment size that determines channel morphology . Pp. 297-312 in: P. Billi, editor. Dynamics of gravel-bed rivers. John Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
Leopold, L.B. 1994. A view of the river. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Leopold, L.B., and W.W. Emmett. 1997. Bedload and River Hydraulics - Influences from the East Fork River, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1583: 56 pp.
Leopold, L.B., and T. Maddock. 1953. The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications. United States Geological Survey Paper 252.
Leopold, L.B., M.G. Wolman, and J.P. Miller. 1962. Fluvial processes in geomorphology. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. 522 pp.
Le Pape, O., F. Chavet, Y. Desaunay, and D. Guerault. 2003. Relationship between interannual variations of the river plume and the extent of nursery grounds for the common sole (Solea solea L.) in Vilaine Bay. Effects on recruitment variability. J. Sea Res. 50: 177-185. Doi: 10.1016/S1385-1101(03)00061-3.
LePichon, C., G. Gorges, J. Baudry, F. Goreraud, and P. Boet. 2009. Spatial metrics and methods for riverscapes: quantifying variability in riverine fish habitat patterns. Environmetrics 20 (5): 512-526. Doi: 10.1002/env.948.
Leppi, J.C., T.H. DeLucca, S.W. Harrar, and S.W. Running. 2011. Impacts of climate change on August stream discharge in the Central Rocky Mountains. Climatic Change doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0235-1
Leprieur, F., M.A. Hickey, C.J. Arbuckle, G.P. Closs, S. Brosse, and C.R. Townsend. 2006. Hydrological disturbance benefits a native fish at the expense of an exotic fish. Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (5): 930-939. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01201.x.
LeQuesne, T., J.H. Matthews, C. Von der Heyden, A.J. Wickel, R. Wilby, J. Hartmann, G. Pegrram, E. Kistin, G. Blate, G. Kimura de Freitas, et al. 2010. Flowing Forward: Freshwater ecosystem adaptation to climate change in water resources management and biodiversity conservation. World Wildlife Fund. Water Working Notes No. 28.
Lercari, D., and O. Defeo. 1999. Effects of freshwater discharge in sandy beach populations: The mole crab Emerita brasiliensis in Uruguay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 49: 457-468.
Lesack, F.W., and J.M. Melack. 1995. Flooding hydrology and mixture dynamics of lake water derived from multiple sources in an Amazon floodplain lake. Water Resources Research 31: 329-345.
Leslie, D.J., and K.A. Ward. 2002. River Murray environmental flows 2000-2001. Ecological Management and Restoration 3: 221-223.
Lessard, J., D. Murray Hicks, T. Snelder, D. Arscott, S. Larned, D. Booker, and A. Suren. 2013. Dam design can impede adaptive management of environmental flows: a case study from the Opuha Dam, New Zealand. Environ. Manage. 51 (2): 459-473. Doi: 10.1007/s00267-012-9971-x.
Letcher, B.H, and T.D. Terrick. 1998. Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood. Journal of Fish Biology 53: 1243-1252.
Lettenmaier, D.P., A.W. Wood, R.N. Palmer, E.F. Wood, and E.Z. Stakhiv. 1999. Water resources implications of global warming: a US regional perspective. Climatic Change 43: 537-579.
Leung, E.S., J.S. Rosenfeld, and J.R. Bernhardt. 2009. Habitat effects on invertebrate drift in a small trout stream: implications for prey availability to drift-feeding fish. Hydrobiologia 623 (1): 113-125. Doi: 10.1007/s10750-008-9652-1.
Leung, L.R., Y. Qian, and X. Bian. 2003. Hydroclimate of the western United States based on observations and regional climate simulation of 1981-2000. Part I: seasonal statistics. J. Climate 16: 1892-1911.
Leung, L.R., Y. Qian, X. Bian, and A. Hunt. 2003. Hydroclimate of the western United States based on observations and regional climate simulation of 1981-2000. Part II: Mesoscale ENSO anomalies. J. Climate 16: 1912-1928.
Levasseur, M., N.E. Bergeron, M.F. Lapointe, and F. Berube. 2006. Effects of silt and very fine sand dynamics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) redds on embryo hatching success. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63 (7): 1450-1459.
Levick, L.R., D.C. Goodrich, M. Hernandez, J. Fonseca, D.J. Semmens, J. Stromberg, M. Tluczek, R.A. Leidy, M. Scianni, P.D. Guertin, and W.G. Kepner. 2008. The ecological and hydrological significance of ephemeral and intermittent streams in the arid and semi-arid American southwest. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. EPA/600/R-08/134. ARS/233046. 116 pp.
Lewin, J. 1978. Floodplain geomorphology. Progress in Physical Geography 2: 408-437.
Lewin, J., and D.A. Hughes. 1980. Welsh floodplain studies, II. Application of a qualitative inundation model. Journal of Hydrology 46: 35-49.
Lewis, A.F., and A.C. Mitchell. 1995. Effectiveness of water release as mitigation for hydroelectric impacts to fish. Journal of Energy Engineering 121: 81-88.
Lewis, F.G. 1997. Relationships of river flow and other environmental characteristics with the structure and function of biological communities in Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Northwest Florida Water Management District, Draft final report to the ACF/ACT Comprehensive Study, Havana, Florida.
Lewis, F.G. 1997. Apalachicola River and Bay water demand element: summary and integration of Apalachicola Bay studies. Northwest Florida Water Management District, Draft final report to the ACF/ACT Comprehensive Study, Havana, Florida.
Lewis, S.L. 1969. Physical factors influencing fish populations in pools of a trout stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 98 (1): 14-19.
Lewis, W.M., Jr., S.K. Hamiln, M.A. Lasi, M. Rodriguez, and J.F. Saunders III. 2000. Ecological determinism on the Orinoco floodplain. BioScience 50: 681-692.
Li, F., F. Cai, X. Fu, and J. Liu. 2009. Construction of habitat suitability models (HSMs) for benthic macroinvertebrates and their applications to instream environmental flows: a case study in Xiangxi River of Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. Progress in Natural Science 19: 359-367.
Li, H.W., C.B. Schreck, and K.J. Rodnick. 1984. Assessment of habitat quality models for cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) for Oregon’s coastal streams. In: J.W. Terrell (ed.), Proceedings of a workshop on fish habitat suitability index models. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Biological Report 85[6]).
Li, R.Y., and F.P. Gelwick. 2005. The relationship of environmental factors to spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages in a floodplain river of Texas, USA. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 14: 319-330.

Li, X., M.K. Litvak, and J.E. Hughes Clarke. 2007. Overwintering habitat use of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostum): defining critical habitat using a novel underwater video survey and modeling approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64 (9): 1248-1257.

Liao, J.C. 2007. A review of fish swimming mechanics and behaviour in altered flows. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 362: 1973-1993. Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2082.
Liao, J.C., D.N. Beal, G.V. Lauder, and M.S. Triantafyllou. 2003. Fish exploiting vortices decrease muscle activity. Science 302: 1566-1569. Doi: 10.1126/science.1088295.
Lichatowich, J.A. 1989. Habitat alteration and changes in abundance of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Oregon coastal streams. In: Proceedings of the National Workshop on Effects of Habitat Alteration on Salmonid Stocks, C.D. Levings, L.B. Holtby, and M.A. Henderson (eds.). Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 105, pp. 92-99.
Liebig, H., R. Cereghino, P. Lim, A. Belaud, and S. Lek. 1997. Impact of hydropeaking on the abundance of juvenile brown trout in a Pyrenean stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 44: 439-454.
Lienkaemper, G.W., and F.J. Swanson. 1987. Dynamics of large woody debris in streams in old-growth douglas-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17 (2): 150-156.
Light, H.M., M.R. Darst, and J.W. Grubbs. 1998. Aquatic habitats in relation to river flow in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1594. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Light, H.M., K.R. Vincent, M.R. Darst, and F.D. Price. 2006. Water level decline in the Apalachicola River, Florida, from 1954 to 2004, and effects on floodplain habitats. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5173.
Light, T. 2003. Success and failure in a lotic crayfish invasion: the roles of hydrologic variability and habitat alteration. Freshw. Biol. 48 (10): 1886-1897. Doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01122.x.
Light, T., and M.P. Marchetti. 2007. Distinguishing between invasions and habitat changes as drivers of diversity loss among California’s freshwater fishes. Conserv. Biol. 21 (2): 434-446. Doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00643.x
Ligon, F.K., W.E. Dietrich, and W.J. Trush. 1995. Downstream ecological effects of dams. BioScience 45: 183-192. Doi: 10.2307/1312557.
Likens, G.E. 2004. Some perspectives on long-term biogeochemical research from the Hubbard Brook ecosystem study. Ecology 85 (9): 2355-2362.
Lima, A.F., F.A. Lansactoha, and C.C. Bonecker. 1996. Zooplankton in the floodplains of a tributary to the Parana River in Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 31: 112-116.
Lima, A.F., F.A. Lansactoha, L.F.M. Velho, and L.M. Bini. 1998. Environmental influence on planktonic cladocerans and copepods in the floodplain of the Upper River Parana, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 22: 188-196.
Limm, M.P., and M.P. Marchetti. 2009. Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth in off-channel and main-channel habitats on the Sacramento River, CA using otolith increment widths. Environmental Biology of Fishes 85: 141-151.
Linam, G.W., L.J. Kleinsasser, and K.B. Mayes. 2002. Regionalization of the index of biotic integrity for Texas streams. Rivers Studies Report Number 17, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin.
Lind, P.R., B.J. Robson, and B.D. Mitchell. 2007. Multiple lines of evidence for the beneficial effects of environmental flows in two lowland rivers in Victoria, Australia. River Res. Appl. 23: 933-946.
Lindenschmidt, K.-E., and J. Long. 2012. A GIS approach to define the hydro-geomorphological regime for instream flow requirements using geomorphic response units. River Systems 20 (3-4): 261-275. Doi: 10.1127/1868-5749/2012/0053.
Lindstrom, J.W., and W.A. Hubert. 2004. Ice processes affect habitat use and movements of adult cutthroat trout and brook trout in a Wyoming foothills stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24 (4): 1341-1362. Doi:10.1577/M03-223.1.
Linhard, S.M., J.F. Nania, C.L. Sanders, Jr., and S.A. Archfield. 2012. Computing daily mean streamflow at ungaged locations in Iowa by using the Flow Anywhere and Flow Duration Curve Transfer statistical methods. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5232. 50 pp. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20125232
Linnansaari, T., and R.A. Cunjak. 2010. Patterns in apparent survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr in relation to variable ice conditions throughout winter. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67 (11): 1744-1754. Doi: 10.1139/F10-093
Linnansaari, T., R.A. Cunjak, and R. Newbury. 2008. Winter behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity patterns. Journal of Fish Biology 72: 2519-2533.
Linnansaari, T., A. Keskinen, A. Romakkaniemi, J. Erkinaro, and P. Orell. 2010. Deep habitats are important for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in large rivers. Ecol. Freshw. Fish. 19: 618-626.
Linnansaari, T., W.A. Monk, D.J. Baird, and R.A. Curry. 2012. Review of approaches and methods to assess environmental flows across Canada and internationally. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Research Document 2012/039.
Lins, H.F. 1997. Regional streamflow regimes and hydroclimatology. Water Resources Research 33: 1655-1667.
Lins, H.F., and J.R. Slack. 1999. Streamflow trends in the United States. Geophysical Research Letters 26 (2): 227-230.
Lisle, T.E. 1982. Effects of aggradation and degradation on riffle-pool morphology in natural gravel channels, northwestern California. Water Resources Research 18: 1305-1307.
Lisle, T.E. 1986. Stabilization of a gravel channel by large streamside obstructions and bedrock bends, Jacoby Creek, northwestern California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 97: 9991011.
Lisle, T.E. 1987. Using “residual depths” to monitor pool depths independently of discharge. U.S. Forest Service Research Note PSW-394.
Lisle, T.E. 1987. Overview: Channel morphology and sediment transport in steepland streams. Pp. 287-297 in: R.L. Beschta, T. Blinn, G.E. Grant, et al. (Editors), Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Publication 165.
Lisle, T.E. 1989. Sediment transport and resulting deposition in spawning gravels, north coastal California. Water Resources Research 25: 13031319.
Lisle, T.E., and J. Lewis. 1992. Effects of sediment transport on survival of salmonid embryos in a natural stream: a simulation approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49: 23372344.
Lister, D.B., and H.S. Genoe. 1970. Stream habitat utilization by cohabiting underyearlings of chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Big Qualicum River. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27: 1215-1224.
Lister, D.B., and C.E. Walker. 1966. The effect of flow control on freshwater survival of chum, coho and chinook salmon in the Big Qualicum River. Canadian Fish Culturist 37: 3-25.
Lite, S.J., K.J. Bagstad, and J.C. Stromberg. 2005. Riparian plant species richness along lateral and longitudinal gradients of water stress and flood disturbance, San Pedro River, Arizona, USA. Journal of Arid Environments 63: 785-813.
Lite, S.J., and J.C. Stromberg. 2005. Surface water and ground-water thresholds for maintaining Populus-Salix forests, San Pedro River, Arizona. Biological Conservation 125: 153-167.
Liu, W.-C., S.-Y. Liu, M.-H. Hsu, and A.Y. Kuo. 2005. Water quality modeling to determine minimum instream flow for fish survival in tidal rivers. Journal of Environmental Management 76 (4): 293-308.
Liu, Y., H. Gupta, E. Springer, and T. Wagener. 2008. Linking science with environmental decision making: experiences from an integrated modeling approach to supporting sustainable water resources. Environmental Modelling & Software 23: 846-858.
Liu, Y.B., S. Gebremeskel, F. De Smedt, L. Hoffman, and L. Pfister. 2004. Simulation of flood reduction by natural river rehabilitation using a distributed hydrological model. Hydrology and Earth Systems Science 8 (6): 1129-1140.
Livingston, R.J. 1997. Trophic response of estuarine fishes to long-term changes of river runoff. Bulletin of Marine Science 60: 984-1004.
Livingston, R.J., F.G. Lewis, G.C. Woodsum, X.-F. Niu, B. Galperin, W. Huang, J.D. Christensen, M.E. Monaco, T.A. Battista, C.J. Klein, R.L. Howell IV, and G.L. Ray. 2000. Modelling oyster population response to variation in freshwater input. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50: 655-672.

Livingston, R.J., X. Niu, F.G. Lewis, III, and G. Woodsum. 1997. Freshwater input to a Gulf estuary: long-term control of trophic organization. Ecological Applications 7(1): 277-299.

Lloyd, N., G. Quinn, M. Thomas, A. Arthington, B. Gawne, P. Humphries, and K. Walker. 2003. Does flow modification cause geomorphological and ecological response in rivers? A ;

literature review from an Australian perspective. Technical Report 1/2004, CRC for Freshwater Ecology. ISBN 0-9751642-02.

Loar, J.M., and M.J. Sale. 1981. Analysis of environmental issues related to small-scale hydroelectric development. V. Instream flow needs for fishery resources. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division Publication 1829, ORNL/TM-7861.
Loar, J.M., M.J. Sale, G.F. Cada, D.K. Cox, R.M. Cushman, G.K. Eddlemon, J.L. Elmore, A.J. Gatz, P. Kanciruk, J.A. Solomon, and D.S. Vaughan. 1985. Application of habitat evaluation models in southern Appalachian trout streams. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Publication No. 2382, ORNL/TM9323, Oak Ridge, TN.
Loar, J.M., M.J. Sale, and G.F. Cada. 1986. Instream needs to protect fishery resources. Water Forum 1986: World Water Issues in Evolution 2: 2098-2105.
Loar, S.C., and J.L. West. 1992. Microhabitat selection by brook and rainbow trout in a southern Appalachian stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121: 729-736.
Lobb, M.D., and D.J. Orth. 1988. Microhabitat use by the bigmouth chub Nocomis platyrhynchus in the New River, West Virginia. American Midland Naturalist 120: 32-40.
Lobb, M.D., III, and D.J. Orth. 1991. Habitat use by an assemblage of fishes in a large warmwater stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120 (1): 65-78. Doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0065:HUBAAO>2.3.CO:2.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 1996. Response of a stream fish assemblage to a severe spate in northern Spain. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125 (6): 913-919.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2000. Determinants of parr size variations within a population of brown trout Salmo trutta L. Ecol. Freshwater Fish 4: 17-27.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2003. Spatiotemporal dynamics of brown trout production in a Cantabrian stream: effects of density and habitat quality. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132 (4): 621-637.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2004. Discharge-dependent covariation patterns in the population dynamics of brown trout (Salmo trutta) within a Cantabrian river drainage. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61 (10): 1929-1939. Doi: 10.1139/f04-118.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in the influence of density dependence on growth of stream-living brown trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62 (6): 1231-1242.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2005. The importance of recruitment for the production dynamics of stream-dwelling brown trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62 (10): 2484-2493. Doi:10.1139/f05-166.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2007. Numerical changes in stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta): uncovering the roles of density-dependent and density-independent factors across space and time. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64 (10): 1429-1447.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2007. Density-dependent growth in stream-living brown trout Salmo trutta L. Functional Ecology 21 (1): 117-124. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01204.x.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2008. Habitat quality enhances spatial variation in the self-thinning patterns of stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65 (9): 2006-2015.
Lobon-Cervia, J. 2014. Recruitment and survival rate variability in fish populations: density-dependent regulation or further evidence of environmental determinants? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71 (2): 290-300. Doi: 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0320.
Lobon-Cervia, J., and E. Mortensen. 2005. Population size in stream-living juveniles of lake-migratory brown trout Salmo trutta L.: the importance of stream discharge and temperature. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 14 (4): 394-4011. Doi: 10.1111/1600-0633.2005.00111.x.
Lobon-Cervia, J., and P.A. Rincon. 2004. Environmental determinants of recruitment and their influence on the population dynamics of stream-living brown trout Salmo trutta L. Oikos 105: 471-476. Doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12989.x.
Lock, M.A., and P.H. Johns. 1979. The effect of flow pattern on uptake of phosphorus by river phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 29: 376-392.
Locke, A. 1988. IFIM  microhabitat criteria development: data pooling considerations. Pages 3154 in K. Bovee and J.R. Zuboy, editors. Proceedings of a workshop on the development of habitat suitability criteria. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 88 (11), Washington D.C.
Locke, A., C. Stalnaker, S. Zellmer, K. Williams, H. Beecher, T. Richards, C. Robertson, A. Wald, A. Paul, and T. Annear. 2008. Integrated approaches to riverine resource stewardship: Case studies, science, law, people, and policy. Instream Flow Council, Cheyenne, WY. 430 pp.
Lockwood, J.L., M.S. Ross, and J.P. Sah. 2003. Smoke on the water: the interplay of fire and water flow on Everglades restoration. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1 (9): 462-468.
Logan, P., and M. Furse. 2002. Preparing for the European Water Framework Directive – making the links between habitat and aquatic biota. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 12: 405-424.
Loganathan, G.V., C.Y. Kuo, and T.C. McCormick. 1985. Methods of analyzing instream flows. Virginia Water Research Center Bulletin 148: 1-70.