Introduction III Control procedure of the transboundary movement of waste 2

GAMBIA (THE)

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Germany

Germany has established several long-term programs, which are also used for monitoring the effects of waste management on human health and the environment, e.g.:

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  The German Environmental Survey (GerES) is a large scale population study which has repeatedly been carried out in Germany. The main goal of the survey is to analyze and document the extent, distribution and determinants of the exposure of the German population to environmental pollutants.
  
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  The Environmental Specimen Bank with environmental and human organ specimens as an instrument for monitoring the effectiveness of legal environmental regulations and as an archive for retrospective monitoring
  
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  Besides, there are monitoring programs carried out by the Bundesländer (German Federal States), e.g. Permanent Soil Monitoring Sites in Bayern (Bavaria), Baden-Württemberg, Brandenburg, Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony); Waste Analyzes Data Base in Nordrhein-Westfalen (Northrhine-Westphalia).
  

There are also smaller studies on items such as:

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  Emission of hazardous substances from
  

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  waste incineration plants (e.g. dioxins (older studies))
  
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  composting plants (e.g. bacteria, fungi, disturbances by smell)
  
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  old landfills
  

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  Effects on the Environment from
  

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  land treatment with sewage sludge
  
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  land treatment with de-inking sludge
  

For further Information: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de.