Karshi state university



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Notional verbssssssss kurs ishi

Notionals


Semantically verbs divide into:

  • notional/action (with independent lexical meaning)

I speak English.

  • semi-notional (with contextualized lexical meaning – modal, aspective, and link verbs)

We can speak English.

  • helping/auxiliary (no lexical meaning)

Do you speak English?
Dynamics/Statives
Most English verbs are notional:

  • dynamic (denoting action)

He speaks good English.

She understands very little English.
Contextually some statives can become dynamic.
I think it’s a good idea.
What are you thinking about?

(Non-)Terminatives


By natural activity termination, dynamic verbs divide into:

  • terminative

Say it again!

  • non-terminative

I often do creative tasks.
They can also contextually interchange within 1 verb.
I learned fluent English for 2 years.
My friend’s been learning foreign languages for the same period.

(In)Transitives


By activity direction, notionals may be:

  • transitive (denoting activity doer and object/addressee)

They take English lessons every day.

  • intransitive/reflexive (taking no object)

I can’t live without watching BBC.
Purely reflexive verbs are rare, but many notionals take reflexive meanings in certain contexts.
I love speaking with foreigners.
Have you ever loved?

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