Bibliyografya:
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ABSTRACT
DYNAMICS OF DEPRESSIONS INDUCED BY INSUFFICIENT DEMAND IN KEYNES AND ITS RELEVANCE TO GLOBALIZATION
The article summarizes the dynamics of depressions and Keynes’ analysis in this regard with extensive references to his “General Theory”; and then moves on to a discussion of whether such crises induced by insufficient demand may be faced again in the 21st century as the process of globalization continues to accelerate. The author answers this question affirmatively. He points out that the developed countries in the West, who had successfully carried out a series of economic and political reforms between the 1930’s and the 50’s and who created an effective social safety-net as well as a plethora of institutions to aid the needy and to supply the general public with government-funded social and medical security, have thus established welfare-states and also substantially bettered the inequalities in the income-distribution within their national borders. Although “the Welfare State” faced a backlash in the form of Reagonomics and Thatcherism in the 80’s, the institutional changes that had been established with these reforms as well as Keynesian type expansionary policy implementations in recessions have played an important role in the successful prevention of 1930’s style depressions in general. The author argues that similar reforms and institutions are needed in the 21st century, this time, on the global scale. However, considering the fact that these reforms had faced substantial resistance and were established only after prolonged struggles even when the poor involved were the nationals of the said developed countries, it is obvious that it would be extremely difficult to implement policies to better the global income distribution and carry-out similar reforms on a global basis. The author points-out that there are neither any global institutions to carry out such reforms nor any international political bodies which would be capable of reflecting any authoritative and effective political-will to this effect. He argues that therefore the chances of instituting, on the global scale, social and economic reforms similar to that which the developed countries had accomplished within their own national borders are nil and that therefore one might expect a resurgence of the problem of “insufficient demand” and depressions induced by it in the course of the 21st century, this time in the framework of an increasingly globalized economy.
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