Él "star", elen being the ordinary word) or a poetic or archaic meaning of an ordinary word

TAKE, see GRASP

TALE nyárë (saga, history), nyarna (saga) -NAR²

TALK (verb) quet- (pa.t. quentë) (say, speak). TALK (noun) quetil (language, tongue) -LT2:348, VT45:25 cf. KWET

TALL halla, tunda (Note: the latter has a homophone meaning "kindle"), tára (high) -LotR:1157, TUN, WJ:417

TALON nappa, namma (claw) -VT47:20

TANGLE fasta- -PHAS

TAP tamin ("I tap", 1st pers. aorist) (pa.t. tamnë) -TAM

TAPER lícuma (candle) -MC:223

TARN moilë -LT2:349

TARRY lemya- (remain). Possibly this verb should have the past tense *lemnë rather than ?lemyanë, since intransitive verbs in -ya may seem to surrender this suffix in the past tense. -VT45:26

TASSEL fas, fatsë -GL:34

TASTE (vb) #tyav- (cited in source as tyavin "I taste", 1st pers. aorist); TASTE (noun) tyávë (pl. tyáver is attested in the compound lámatyáver "sound-tastes"; see SOUND-TASTE.) -KYAB, MR:215

TAUT tunga (tight, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG

TEAR nírë, nië -NEI, LT1:262

TELEPATHY see THOUGHT

TELL #nyar- (cited as nyarin "I tell", 1st pers. aorist) (relate); NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED avanyárima -NAR², WJ:370

TEMPLE corda -LT1:257

TEMPTATION #úsahtië (inducement to do wrong). Earlier variants, possibly abandoned by Tolkien: #terfantië, #terpellië, #insangarë (all attested in the allative: úsahtienna, terfantienna etc.) -VT43:23, 22

TEN quain, also quëan. (In earlier sources the word cainen occurs, but according to VT48:12, Tolkien eventually rejected this word.) GROUP OF TEN (10 similar things) maquat (actually the dual form of maqua "hand", referring to the ten fingers on both hands). Ordinal TENTH quainëa -VT48:6, VT47:7, VT42:25, cf. KAYAN, KAYAR

TENDRIL liantë (but in Etym, this word is glossed "spider", q.v.) -LT1:271

TENTH quainëa -VT42:25

TERRIBLE rúcima, aica (fell, dire, sharp); VERY TERRIBLE CREATURE rauco -WJ:415, PM:347, VT39:10

TERRIFY ruhta- -WJ:415

TERROR ossë (Ossë is also the name of a Maia held to be responsible for storms at sea.) -GOS, Silm:33, 34

TEST (put to the test) tyasta-, pa.t. tyasantë -QL:49

THANKSGIVING #hantalë (isolated from Eruhantalë "thanksgiving to Eru". A verbal stem #hanta- "thank" can also be isolated.) -UT:436

THAT (1) (demonstrative): tana (in one version of Quenya also tanya, as in tanya wendë "that maiden", MC:215-16), also yana (the former). -TA, YA

THAT (2) (or IT) as a pronoun was ta in one version of Quenya, but Tolkien later decided that ta is rather a plural pronoun, "they/them" with reference to non-persons (VT43:29). -TA

THAT (3) (relative pronoun "who[m], which, that"). According to VT47:21, the relative pronoun is ye with reference to a person (*i Elda ye tirnen "the Elf who/that I watched"), plural i (e.g. *Eldar i... "Elves that..."). The impersonal relative pronoun ("that = which") is ya (e.g. *i parma ya hirnen "the book that/which I found"), pl. presumably *yar (*i parmar yar... "the books that..."). This gives a system with great symmetry, but Tolkien also used i in a singular sense, in the sentence i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is [or, that is] above all thrones", though i is indeed plural in i carir quettar ómainen "those who [or, those that] form words with voices". A relative pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; a long variant yá also occurs in the corpus (VT43:27-28). Case-forms: The plural locative of ya is attested as yassen "in which" in Nam (sg. *yassë), the genitive and ablative forms of ye are attested as yëo and yello respectively in VT47:21, and the same source gives ion and illon as the corresponding plural forms. -VT47:21, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct

THAT (4) (conjunction, as in "I know that you are here") ne (PE14:54; this is "Qenya", but no certain later source is available for this important word)

THATCH tupsë -TUP

THE i In Quenya, the definite article is generally used as in English. However, notice that it is not used before plural words denoting an entire people or race, such as Valar, Quendi, Noldor, Sindar, Eldar, Ainur, Fírimar etc. This is evident from examples like lambë Eldaron "the language of the Eldar [lit. simply "Eldar"]", Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar [lit. simply "Valar"] will be done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with no article, meaning the entire human race or humans in general, while "the Men" would be a group of individuals. Anar "the Sun" and Isil "the Moon" are probably treated like proper names in Quenya; they do not take the article. When a noun is determined by a following genitive, it is evidently optional whether it takes the article or not: mannar Valion "into the hands [lit. simply "hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo "The Mariner's Wife, *The Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of the Mariner" - but contrast I Equessi Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil", i arani Eldaron "the Kings of the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the noun, the article must probably be left out in all cases, as in English (*Eldaron arani, ?Eldaron i arani). Note: i is also the relative pronoun "who, that"; see THAT # 3.. -I, WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398, 369

THEE le (formal, perhaps the object form of elyë "thou", q.v. Le is known as a borrowing in Sindarin; see the notes on the poem A Elbereth Gilthoniel in RGEO; also, ólë in VT43:29 probably means *"with thee"). Another pronoun translated "thee" is tye (familiar or intimate). WITH THEE aselyë -LotR:61, VT43:29, VT47:31

THEIR - if analogy can be trusted, "their" is the ending *-nta, e.g. *aldanta "their tree". See THEY.

THEM te (independent pronoun, according to VT43:20 used of persons only, the corresponding pronoun denoting non-persons being ta); -t (pronominal ending, e.g. laituvalmet, "WE [-lme-] will praise THEM [-t]") -LotR:989 cf. Letters:308, VT43:20

THEMSELVES intë (for older imte, asterisked by Tolkien) -VT47:37

THEN san -MC:216

THERE, LOOK! (as interjection) en (yonder).-EN, VT45:12 (Note: No general word for "there" has been published for Quenya, but Sindarin ennas could point to a Quenya cognate *entassë, basically "in yonder [place]".)

THEY -ntë (pronominal ending): Tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mí Númen "they will keep it who sit upon thrones in the West". The independent, emphatic form may be *entë.) Object "them" (and non-emphatic "they") is the independent pronoun te, that may also be expressed by the pronominal ending -t (as in laita te...laituvalmet, "bless them...we shall bless [or praise] them"). According to VT43:20, the pronoun te is used of persons only, "they/them" with reference to non-persons being ta instead. The shorter object ending -t may show no such distinction. The ending -ntë refers to persons in our attested example; whether another ending would be used for non-persons is not known. For "they", early material also has the ending -lto as in tulielto "they have come" (LT1:270), but the status of this ending in Tolkien's later, LotR-compatible forms of Quenya is uncertain. -UT:317, LotR:989 cf Letters:308, VT43:20

THICK tiuca (fat) -TIW

THIGH tiuco -TIW

THIN - long and thin: lenwa (straight, narrow) -LT2:341

THING nat, engwë; THING MADE tanwë (device, construction, craft) -N², VT39:7, TAN

THINGOL Singollo, short for Sindacollo (so in Silm:421; MR:217 and WJ:410 have Sindicollo, where the s represents original th, cf. PM:337, where the spelling Þindikollo is used [Þ = th as in thin]. Hence, these variant forms should be spelt with in initial súlë, not silmë, in Tengwar writing). However, it appears that Thingol was usually called Elwë in Quenya. -MR:385

THIRD neldëa, also nelya (cf. Nelyar "Thirds", the third clan among the Elves) -VT42:25, WJ:420

THIRTEEN nelequë, also yunquenta/yunquentë -VT48:21, VT47:15, 40

THIRSTY soica, fauca (open-mouthed, parched) -PHAU, VT39:11

THIS sina (following its noun in our one attested example: vanda sina, "this oath"). Possibly this sina is an adjectival word always connecting with a noun, the independent word for "this" rather being sin, according to one interpretation of a sentence occurring in PM:401: Sin Quentë Quendingoldo, *This Pengolodh Said" (not translated by Tolkien). THIS DAY (or, "today") síra (other variants, possibly rejected by Tolkien: siar, siarë, hyárë [archaic hyázë]); THIS HOUR sillumë; IN THIS PLACE sinomë [variant sínomë] -UT:305, VT43:18, VT44:35, LotR:1003/VT44:36

THITHER tar (this word may mean literally "to it" and therefore presuppose ta as the word for "it, that"; if so, tar may have become obsolete when Tolkien decided that ta was to be a plural pronoun "they/them" instead; see IT). THITHER LANDS (as seen from Valinor) Entar, Entarda (Outer Lands, Middle-earth, East) -TA, EN

THORN nassë (spike) -NAS

THORONDOR Sorontar -Silm:438

THOU elyë (independent pronoun, used for emphasis, therefore translated "even thou" in Nam and RGEO:67. Such independent pronouns may also be used in copula-less constructions, e.g. aistana elyë "blessed [art] thou", VT43:30). -lyë (pronominal ending; the normal way of expressing non-emphatic "thou": hiruvalyë "thou shalt find"). This "thou" is formal. Concerning familiar or intimate "thou", that would often be translated "you" in English, only the object tye "thee" [q.v.] and the short suffix -t is attested; the latter may be used on imperatives, e.g. hecat "get thee gone!") -Nam/RGEO:67/VT43:30, WJ:364

THOUGHT sanwë; COMMUNICATION OF THOUGHT, INTERCHANGE OF THOUGHT (= telepathy) ósanwë; THOUGHT-OPENING sanwë-latya (direct, telepathic thought-transfer); THOUGHT-SENDING sanwe-menta (mental message) -VT39:23, 30, MR:415, VT41:5

THRALL mól -MÔ

THREAD (fine) lia (spider filament. Note: lia- is also the verb "twine".) -SLIG

THREE neldë (obsoleting olë in LT1:258) -NEL, SA:neldor, VT47:11

THRESHOLD fenda -PHEN

THROAT lanco (This was changed by Tolkien from lango, pl. langwi [the latter form is erroneously marked with an asterisk in the printed Etymologies, but langwi is transparently the plural and not an ancestral form, and Tolkien's own manuscript had no asterisk: see VT45:26]. The plural form indicates that lango had the stem-form langu-. If the replacement form lanco is to behave similarly, it should have the stem *lancu- and the plural form *lanqui.) -LAK¹, LANK

THRONE mahalma (loc. pl. mahalmassen is attested) -UT:317

THRONG sanga (crowd, press); THRONG-CLEAVER Sangahyando (personal name, the "throng" being a closely formed body of enemy soldiers) -STAG, LT2:342, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425

THROUGH terë, ter; "THROUGH-ABIDE" (i.e., stand [fast]) #termar- (only fut. termaruva is attested) -TER, UT:305, 317, VT44:35

THUMB nápo; in children's play also called atto or atya ("daddy"), a term also used of the big toe. Other terms for "thumb", toltil and tollë, were apparently abandoned by Tolkien. -VT47:10, 13, 26

THY -lya, *-tya (endings used on nouns, e.g. *aldalya, *aldatya "thy tree". The ending *-tya is not attested and is deduced from the pronoun "thee" [q.v.].) The semantic distinction between -lya and *-tya is that -lya is formal or polite, while *-tya is intimate or familiar. Cf. THEE. In UT:51 (cf. 22), -lya is translated "your" instead of "thy", following modern English usage (tielyanna "upon your path").

THYSELF (reflexive pronoun), see YOURSELF

TIE (vb.) #nut- (cited in source as nutin "I tie", 1st person aorist) -NUT

TIGHT tunga (taut, [of strings:] resonant) -TUG

TILL an (for, to) -Arct

TILTED talta- (sloping, leaning) -TALÁT

TIME lúmë (translated "hour" in LotR:94; allative lúmenna is attested. Note: lúmë also means "darkness"); lú (= "a time, occasion"). FIXED TIME asar (Vanyarin athar) (festival); pl. asari is attested. ONCE UPON A TIME yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë (Note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on which".) -LU, WJ:399/VT39:31, YA

TIMID caurëa -LT1:257

TIN latúcen; OF TIN latucenda -LT1:268

TINDER tusturë -LT1:270

TINFANG Timpando -LT1:268

TINY titta (little) -TIT

TIP tillë (point) (also used of fingers and toes; see UP-POINT, UNDER-POINT) -VT47:10, 26

TISSUE lannë (cloth) -LAN

TITLE see NICKNAME.

TO, TOWARDS ana, na, an (for, till); (prefix:) ana-. English "to, towards, -wards" will often be rendered by the allative ending -nna, pl -nnar, as in Elenna "Starwards" (Elen + [n]na) -NÂ, Plotz letter, UT:432, Silm:313

TODAY (or, "this day") síra (other variants, possibly rejected by Tolkien: siar, siarë, hyárë [archaic hyázë]) -VT43:18

TOE taltil (taltill-) (said to be the word for toe in "ordinary language", VT47:10). The term nútil (nútill-, pl. nútilli given), "under-point", is also used to mean "toe". BIG TOE taltol, also tolbo (read perhaps *tolvo in the more usual form of Quenya). The word atto, atya, basically "daddy", is said to be used for "big toe" (and "thumb") in children's play, like the word nettë (prob. netti-) "sister" is said to be used for "fourth toe" (or "fourth finger", or even referring to the ninth digit when both hands/feet are considered). The word selyë "daughter" was also introduced as a name for the fourth finger/toe (counting from the big toe/thumb) in children's play (VT47:10), but Tolkien apparendly abandoned it (VT47:15). The terms yonyo "big boy, son" and tolyo "stricker-up" could be used of the middle finger or toe. The word winimo "baby" (exilic *vinimo) was used for "little finger" or "little toe".-VT47:10-12, 15, 26

TOGETHER o- (prefix) -WÔ

TOIL móta- (labour) -MÔ

TOKEN tengwë (indication, sign, writing - pl tengwi is attested) -WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK

TOMB #noirë (isolated from Noirinan, "Valley of the Tombs"; unless this compound is meant to contain a plural form noiri, it would suggest that #noirë has the stem-form noiri-). -UT:166

-TON (reduced form of "town" in names) -mas (-by) -LT1:251

TONGUE (physical tongue:) lamba, (language:) lambë, quetil (the latter also = "talk" or "language"). (In LT2:339, it is said that lambë covers both "physical tongue" and "speech", but Tolkien later thought better of that. WJ:394 states that in non-technical use, lambë was the normal word for "language"; only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta instead.) LOREMASTER OF TONGUES #Lambengolmo (only pl Lambengolmor is attested) -LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396, KWET/VT45:25

TOO (= overly, excessively, as in "too big") acca -PE13:108

TOOTH nelet (nelc-), also nelcë; carca (fang, tusk); ROW OF TEETH carcanë (LT2 has carcassë, carcaras "row of spikes or teeth".) -NÉL-EK/VT46:3, KARAK/LT2:344

TOP inga (referring "primarily to position and could be used of tops relatively broad". Note: a homophone means "first"). MOUNTAIN-TOP orotinga; TREE-TOP aldinga -VT47:28

TOPMOST PINNACLE see FINISH.

TORMENT (vb) nwalya-. (Though spelt this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be from older *ngwalya, for the stem is ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter nwalmë (< older ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the initial nw of nwalya.) TORMENT (noun) nwalmë (older [MET] ngwalmë), angaitya -LotR:1157 cf. ÑGWAL; LT1:249

TORTURE ungwalë; ("Qenya" also:) malcanë, valcanë -ÑGWAL, LT1:250

TOUCH appa- ("to touch" in a literal sense), #ap- (given as aorist stem apë) figurative "to touch (one)" = "concern, affect". TOUCHING pa, pá (as regards, concerning) -VT44:26

TOUGH norna (stiff), tarya (stiff) -WJ:413, TÁRAG

TOWARDS ana, na, an (for); (prefix:) ana- (to) -NÂ

TOWER mindon (also translated "Lofty Tower"; allative pl mindonnar or mindoninnar is attested) (turret), mindo (=isolated tower), tirion (= watchtower; also defined as "a mighty tower, a city on a hill), tirin (= tall tower; Note: a homophone means "I watch") See also TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS. -LT2:346/MC:222, MINI, LT1:258, TIR

TOWN osto (= town with wall) (city), opelë (walled village/house), irin; TOWN WITH WALLS AND TOWERS tirios, TOWNSHIP ostar -OS, PEL(ES), LT1:258, LT2:343, 336

TRADE (vb) manca-, TRADESMAN macar -MBAKH

TRAILING sóra (long) -LT2:344

TRANSPARENCE liquis, TRANSPARENCY - the word vírin is defined as "a magic glassy substance of great lucency used in fashoning the Moon. Used of things of great and pure transparency." -LT1:262, LT2:339

TRAVEL lelya- (pa.t. lendë) (go, proceed) -WJ:363

TREASURE harma, harwë (both words also used of a single treasured thing), foa, mírë (jewel, precious thing); TREASURY harwë (also used = treasure). -3AR/LotR:1157, LT2:340, MIR

TREE alda (gen.pl. aldaron is attested), ornë (= high, isolated tree), taulë (= great tree). HAVING TREES, TREE-GROWN aldarwa, TREE-TOP aldinga, TREE-SHADOWED aldëa, AVENUE OF TREES aldëon; LORD OF TREES Aldaron (a name of Oromë) -GALAD/Nam/LotR:1147/1157/VT39:7, VT47:28, OR-NI/LotR:488 cf. Letters:308, LT1:267, LT1:249, Silm:32, 378

TRESPASS (noun) #úcarë (isolated from úcaremmar "our sins/trespasses"; verb úcar- "to sin, trespass" (pl. aorist úcarer, úcarir attested). The noun #úcarë was the word used in Tolkien's final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer; a draft version has #rohta (pl. rohtar) = "trespass" or "debt". Compare TRESPASSERS #rohtalië or #ruhtalië (i.e. "trespass-people", incorporating lië "people"?) from the same source. For other words for "trespasser" or "debtor", see DEBTOR. -VT43:19, 21

TRESS findë (lock of hair) (probably obsoleting findil in LT2) -SPIN, LT2:341

TRIANGLE neltil (stem neltild-, as in pl. neltildi), nasta (spear-head/spear-point, gore) -TIL, SNAS, VT46:14

TRIBE hostar -LT2:340; the conceptual validity of this "Qenya" word may be questioned, since in later Quenya it looks like the pl. form of hosta "large number"

TRICK (noun) rinca (twitch, jerk, sudden move) -VT46:11 cf. RIK(H)

TRIM netya- (adorn). (Note: netya- is also an adj. "pretty, dainty".) -VT47:33

TRINITY Neldië -VT44:17

TRINKET (small thing of personal adornment) netil -VT47:33

TRIUMPH - CRY OF TRIUMPH yello (call, shout) -GYEL, VT45:16

TROOP hossë (army, band) -LT2:340

TROTH vérë (bond, compact, oath) (Pl. probably *vérer not *véri; cf. the similar formation tyávë "taste", pl tyáver.) -WED

TRUE anwa (real, actual), sanda (firm, abiding). For "true" = "faithful", see FAITHFUL. -ANA, STAN

TRUMP hyóla -SD:419

TRUMPET romba (horn), tumbë; TRUMPET-SOUND róma (loud sound) (Note: róma means "shoulder" in one of Tolkien's early "Qenya" lexicons.) -WJ:400/ROM, LT1:269

TRUNCATED ARM OR BRANCH, see STUB, STUMP

TRUST (noun) estel (hope) -MR:320

T-SERIES tincotéma (dental series) -LotR:1154

TUBE róta -LT2:347

TÚN (Old English) see FENCED FIELD -PEL(ES)

TUNE lindë (air, song, singing); HARPING ON ONE TUNE vorongandelë ("vorogandele" in the published Etymologies is a misreading; see VT45:7) (continuous repetition) -LIN²

TUNIC laupë (shirt) -QL:51

TUNNEL rotto (cave, small grot) -PM:365, VT46:12

TURGON Turucáno (so in PM:345, obsoleting Turondo in LT1:115)

TURRET mindon (tower) -LT1:260

TUSK carca (tooth, fang) -Silm:429, LT2:344

TWANG tingë, tango. LT1:256 has quingi- "twang, of strings, harp". In Etym, there is also the unglossed verb tanga- = *"make a twang"??? -TING, TANG

TWELVE yunquë ("q"), also (or in another conceptual phase, or in duodecimal counting?) #rasta (only the stem RÁSAT is given in the Etymologies, but cf. yurasta "24", i.e. 2 x 12, in PE14:17). TWELVE HOURS ("day" when not meaning 24 hours) arya (day) -VT47:41, PE14:82, RÁSAT, AR¹

TWENTY-FOUR yurasta -PE14:17

TWI- (prefix) yú-, yu- (both) -VT45:13, VT46:23

TWILIGHT tindómë (usually of the time near dawn, glossed "starry twilight" in Silm:438), undómë (= evening twilight), yúcalë, yualë, lómë (stem lómi-) (night, dusk, gloom, darkness. Cf. Lómion "Child of the Twilight".) -LotR 1145, KAL, LT1:255, Silm:160

TWIN onóna (also = adj "twinborn", the primary meaning of the word), pl. ónoni (surprisingly, a dual form is not used) -WJ:367

TWINE lia- (Note: lia is also a noun meaning "fine thread, spider's filament") -LT1:271

TWINKLE #tintila- (only pl tintilar is attested) -Nam, RGEO:67

TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë -TIN

TWIST #ric- (only the perfect irícië "has twisted" is attested) (VT39:9)

TWISTED nauca (hard, ill-shapen, *small - see SMALL.) -WJ:413

TWITCH (verb:) rihta- (jerk, give quick twist or move), (noun:) rinca (jerk, trick, sudden move) -RIK(H), VT46:11 cf. RIK(H)

TWO atta -AT(AT)/Letters:427