Él "star", elen being the ordinary word) or a poetic or archaic meaning of an ordinary word

haca- vb. "squat" (GL:47)

hácala ("k") participle "yawning" occurring in the Markirya poem, derived from an (otherwise unattested) verb #hac- "yawn".

hacca noun "buttocks, hams" (GL:47)

hahta noun "pile, mound" (KHAG)

haimë noun "habit" (KHIM)

haira adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)

haiya adj. "far" (SD:247). Also háya.

hala noun "(small) fish" (KHAL¹, SKAL², VT45:20)

halatir (halatirn-, as in dat.sg. halatirnen), also halatirno, noun "kingsfisher", etymologically "fish-watcher" (TIR, SKAL², KHAL¹)

halcin ("k") adj. "frozen" (LT1:254)

halda adj. "veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady" (opposed to helda "stripped bare") (SKAL¹, VT46:13)

halla (1) adj. "tall" (Appendix E, footnote)

[halla (2) adj. "naked" (VT46:14), changed by Tolkien to helda]

[halma], see helma

haloisi noun "the sea (in storm)", cf. haloitë (LT1:254)

haloitë adj. "leaping" (LT1:254)

halta- vb. "to leap" (LT1:254)

halya- vb. "veil, conceal, screen from light" (SKAL¹, VT46:13)

ham- (1) vb. "sit" (KHAM)

#ham- (2) vb. "judge", attested in the aorist form hamil "you judge". (VT42:33; notice the pronominal ending -l "you". See nemë. The verb #ham- with the meaning "judge" may seem to be an ephemeral form in Tolkien's conception.)

hamma noun "chair" (VT45:20)

han prep. "beyond" (compare the postposition pella of similar meaning) (VT43:14)

[hanaco ("k") noun "giant" (VT45:21)]

handa (1) adj. "understanding, intelligent" (KHAN)

[?handa] (2) noun "chair"; the reading is uncertain and the word was in any case deleted (VT45:20). In the Etymologies, Tolkien likewise abandoned the root KHAD from which this word was derived, but he may seem to have restored this root later (see har-).

handassë noun "intelligence" (KHAN)

handë noun "knowledge, understanding, intelligence" (KHAN). Note: *handë is (probably) also the past tense of the verb har- "sit".

handelë noun "intellect" (another gloss, "intelligence", Tolkien transferred to handassë) (KHAN, VT45:21)

[hando] noun "agent" (male; fem. [yendi]) (VT45:16)

háno noun "brother", colloquially also hanno (VT47:12, 14). It is unclear whether Tolkien, by introducing this form, abandoned the older (TLT) word toron (q.v.)

hanno noun "brother" (a colloquial form, cf. háno), also used in children's play for "middle finger" (VT47:12, 14)

hantalë noun "thanksgiving", isolated from Eruhantalë (UT:166; see also VT43:14). A verbal stem #hanta- "thank, give thanks" may apparently be isolated from this word.

hantë, pa.t. of hat-, q.v. (SKAT)

hanu noun "a male (of Men or Elves), male animal, man" (3AN, VT45:16)

hanuvoitë adj.? "male" (prob. adj. rather than noun; the word as such is not clearly glossed, but connects with hanu "a male") (INI)

hanwa noun "male" (INI)

hanya- vb. "understand, know about, be skilled in dealing with" (KHAN, VT45:21)

har, harë adj.? adv.? "near" (LT1:253)

har- vb. "sit", pl. present hárar in CO (i hárar "those who sit, those who are sitting"). According to VT45:20, har- "sit" is derived from a stem KHAD which Tolkien abandoned in the Etymologies, but since CO is later than Etym, he may seem to have restored it. If so, the past tense of har- would be *handë.

haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TÂ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)

haranyë noun, last year of a century in the Númenórean calendar (or possibly the word for "century" itself; Tolkien's wording is unclear) (Appendix D)

harda noun "realm, region" (VT45:12, 16, 17; the word also occurs, unglossed, in the entry EN in the Etymologies). Changed to arda later?

harma (1) noun "treasure, a treasured thing" (3AR), also name of tengwa #11, later (MET) called aha (Appendix E).

[harma (2) noun "wolf" (3ARAM). The gloss "hound" was inserted, but then deleted (VT45:17)]

[Harmen] noun "south" (MEN) (Changed to hyarmen.)

harna (1) adj. "wounded"

harna- (2) vb. "to wound" (SKAR)

harna (3) noun "helmet" (VT45:21)

harpa noun "helmet" (VT45:21)

harwë (1) noun "wound" (SKAR)

harwë (2) noun "treasure, treasury" (3AR) (For clarity, harma may be used for "treasure")

harya- vb. "possess" (3AR)

haryon noun "(heir), prince" (3AR)

#hasta- vb. "mar" (verbal stem isolated from the passive participle hastaina "marred"). (MR:254)

hat- vb. "break asunder", pa.t. hantë (SKAT)

hauta- vb. "cease, take a rest, stop" (KHAW)

háya adj. "far off, far away" (KHAYA). Also haiya.

heca! ("k") vb. in imperative "be gone! stand aside!", also with pronominal suffixes hecat sg. and hecal pl. (WJ:364)

Hecel ("k") (Heceld-, e.g. pl. Heceldi, WJ:371), noun with same meaning as hecil, q.v., but reformed to match Oarel, especially applied to the Eldar left in Beleriand. Helcelmar and Heceldamar *"Land of Forsaken Elves", the name used by the loremasters of Aman for Beleriand. (WJ:365)

hecil ("k") (masc. hecilo, fem. hecilë) noun "one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast, outlaw" (WJ:365)

hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë) vb. "put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake" (WJ:365)

helca ("k") adj. "icy, ice-cold" (misprint "helk" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry KHELEK; both the Silmarillion Appendix and LT1:254 have helka, and VT45:21 now confirms that there is a final -a in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript as well). In Helcar, the Inland Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice between Araman and Middle-earth (SA; spelt "Helkarakse" in the Etymologies, stem KARAK)

helcë ("k") noun "ice" (KHELEK, LT1:254)

helcelimbë ("k") noun *"ice-drop"? (LIB¹, cf. KHELEK)

helda (1) adj. "naked, stripped bare" (SKEL, SKAL¹)

[helda (2) adj. "friendly, having love (for)" (VT46:3)]

[heldo, also helmo, fem. heldë, noun "friend" (VT46:3)]

[helmë "friendship" noun (VT46:3)]

helin noun "violet" or "pansy" (LT1:262)

Helinyetillë noun "Eyes of Heartsease", a name of the pansy (LT1:262)

hellë noun "sky" (3EL; a distinct word hellë "frost" was struck out, see KHEL.)

helma noun "skin, fell" (SKEL), changed by Tolkien from halma (VT46:14)

helwa adj. "(pale) blue" (3EL)

helyanwë noun "rainbow", lit. "sky-bridge" (3EL)

hen (hend-, as in pl. hendi) noun "eye" (KHEN-D-E); possibly dual #hendu in hendumaica, q.v. Adj. henulca "evileyed" (SD:68); cf. ulca.

hendumaica ("k") noun? adj.? "sharp-eye" (read *"sharp-eyed"?) (WJ:337)

hequa prep. "leaving aside, not counting, excluding, except" (WJ:365)

hér noun "lord" (VT41:9), also heru, q.v.

héra adj. "chief, principal" (KHER)

hérë noun "lordship" (LT1:272)

heren (1) noun "order"; Heren Istarion "Order of Wizards" (UT:388)

heren (2) noun "fortune", etymologically "governance" ("and so what is in store for one and what one has in store") (KHER). Herendil masc. name *"Fortune-friend" = Eadwine, Edwin, Audoin (LR:52, 56, cf. the Etymologies, stems KHER-, NIL/NDIL)

herenya adj. "fortunate, wealthy, blessed, rich" (KHER)

heri noun "lady" (KHER, LT1:272)

hérincë ("k") noun *"little lady" (UT:195). Concerning the diminutive ending, cf. Atarincë, cirinci.

heru (also hér) noun "lord, master" (PM:210, KHER, LT1:272, VT44:12); Letters:283 gives hér (heru); the form Héru with a long vowel refers to God in the source where it appears (i Héru "the Lord", VT43:29). In names like Herumor *"Black Lord" and Herunúmen "Lord of the West" (SA:heru). The form heruion is evidently a gen.pl. of heru "lord": *"of the lords" (SD:290); herunúmen "Lord-of-West" (LR:47), title of Manwë. Pl. númeheruvi "Lords-of-West" (*"West-lords") in SD:246, a title of the Valar; does this form suggest that #heruvi is the regular plural of heru?

heru- vb. "to rule" (LT1:272; rather tur- in LotR-style Quenya)

Hescin ("k") noun "winter one" (???) (LT1:255)

Hesin noun "winter" (LT1:255; LotR-style Quenya has hrívë instead)

hessa adj. "dead, withered" (LT1:255)

hesta vb. "wither" (LT1:255)

hesto noun "captain" (VT45:22; the word is not explictly identified as Quenya but can hardly be any other language)

hilcin ("k") vb., glossed "it freezes" (LT1:254); if this word is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, it would have to mean "I freeze", but the shape of this word seems somewhat alien to Tolkien's later forms of Quenya (verbs with 1st person aorists in -in never have a consonant cluster immediately preceding this ending)

hildi, -hildi noun "followers" (used = mortal men, the Second-born of Ilúvatar) (KHIL) (also Hildor, q.v.). Dat. pl. hildin "for men", a dative pl. occurring in Fíriel's Song. Cf. hildinyar "my heirs", evidently *hildë, hildo "follower, heir" + -inya "my" + -r plural ending (EO)

Hildor pl. noun "the Followers", an Elvish name of Mortal Men as the Second-born of Ilúvatar (WJ:387); sg #Hildo. Hildórien place-name: the land where Men first awoke, like the Elves did at Cuiviénen (Silm, KHIL, PHIR)

hilya- vb. "to follow" (KHIL)

himba adj. "adhering, sticking" (KHIM)

himya- vb. "to stick to, adhere, cleave to, abide by" (KHIM, VT45:22)

hína noun "child", also hina used in the vocative to a (young) child (also hinya "my child", for hinanya) (WJ:403). Pl. híni (surprisingly not **hínar) in Híni Ilúvataro "Children of Ilúvatar" (Silmarillion Index); dative hínin in VT44:35. In compounds -hin pl. -híni (as in Eruhíni, "Children of Eru", SA:híni)

hir- vb. "find", future tense hiruva in Namárië (hiruvalyë "thou shalt find") (Nam, RGEO:67); Hirilondë "Haven-finder", name of a ship (UT:192)

hísë (Þ) (stem *hísi-, given the primitive form khîthi) (1) noun "mist, fog" (KHIS/KHITH). According to VT45:22, hísë is also the name of Tengwa #11 in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later call #11 harma/aha instead.

hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

hísë (3) adj.? "blinking" (?) (MC:214) A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

hísen noun in pre-classical genitive? "of mist" (Þ) (MC:221; this is "Qenya", but it connects with hísë #1.)

hísië noun "mist" (Þ) (Nam, SA:hîth); also hísë.

Hísilómë (Þ) place-name "Hithlum" (SA:hîth, LUM, [VT45:28])

Hísilumbë (Þ) place-name, variant of Hísilómë (LUM)

Hísimë (Þ) noun, eleventh month of the year, "November" (Appendix D, SA:hîth). The Quenya word seems to mean "Misty One".

histanë pre-classical participle? "fading" (MC:213; this is "Qenya")

histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)

hiswa (Þ) adj. "grey" (KHIS/KHITH, Narqelion)

hiswë (Þ) noun "fog" (KHIS/KHITH)

hiuta- vb. "wink, hint" (VT46:6)

hlaiwa, see laiwa

hlapu- noun "blow; fly or stream in the wind", participle hlápula "blowing" in Markirya

hlar- noun "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall hear" in Markirya

hlínë, see línë

hlívë, see lívë

hloa ("hloä"), noun that "would have been" the product of primitive sloga (Sindarin lhô), a word used of rivers that were "variable and liable to overflow their banks at seasons". However, the wording "would have been" may seem to suggest that this word did not actually occur in Quenya. (VT42:9)

hlócë ("k") noun "snake, serpent", later lócë ("k") (SA:lok-)

hloni noun "sounds" (sg. *hlonë? *hlon? *hlón?) (WJ:394)

#hlonítë adj. "phonetic", only attested in the pl. in the phrase hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs" (sg. #hlonítë tengwë) (WJ:395). The form #hlonítë was changed by Tolkien from hlonaitë, as in hlonaitë tengwesta "a tengwesta (q.v.) employing phonetic signs" (VT39:4), hlonaiti tengwi "phonetic signs" (VT39:4)

hlussa-, hlussë; see lussa-, lustë

ho prep. "from" (3O); cf. hó-

hó- verbal prefix; "away, from, from among", the point of view being outside the thing, place, or group in thought (WJ:368)

hóciri- vb. "cut off" (cut of a required portion, so as to have it or use it) (WJ:366, 368) (Normal aorist probably *hócirë, present/continuative tense *hócíra, past tense *hócirnë)

[holmë] noun "odour" (ÑOL; according to VT46:6, Tolkien struck out the initial h-, thus changing the word to olmë)

hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHÔ-NOUN); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya - read *hon-maro?)

hondo-ninya noun "my heart", changed to indo-ninya (FS, earlier version)

hópa noun "haven, harbour, small landlocked bay" (KHOP)

hopan, see hopassë

hopassë noun "harbourage", changed by Tolkien from hopan (KHOP, VT45:22)

hórë noun "impulse" (KHOR), hórëa "impulsive" (KHOR; VT45:22 confirms that "impulsive" is the correct gloss, misread "impulsion" in the Etymologies as printed in LR)

horma noun "horde, host" (LT2:341)

hormë noun "urgency" (confused with ormë "rushing") (KHOR; originally glossed "encouragement, comfort", VT45:22)

horro (also orro) interjection "ugh, alas! ow!" (said to be an interjection "of horror, pain, disgust") (VT45:17)

horta- vb. "send flying, speed, urge" (KHOR; originally glossed "urge, encourage", VT45:22)

hortalë noun "speeding, urging" (KHOR)

horya- noun "have an impulse, be compelled to do something, set vigorously out to do" (VT45:22)

hos noun "folk" (LT2:340)

hossë noun "army, band, troop" (LT2:340)

hosta- vb. "gather, collect, assemble" (Markirya); hostainiéva "will be gathered", future tense of the stative verb *hostainië, derived from *hostaina "gathered", past participle of hosta- "gather". Such stative verbs are probably not conceptually valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; see -ië. (FS)

hosta noun "large number", verb hosta- "to collect" (KHOTH)

hostar noun "tribe" (LT2:340)

hrá, see rá

Hravani noun "the Wild" (sg. *hravan), name of non-Edain Men (WJ:219)

hrávë noun "flesh" (MR:349)

hresta noun "shore, beach", ablative hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya

Hristo noun "Christ", Tolkien's phonological adaptation of this word to Quenya (VT44:18; also Hrísto, VT:44:15-16, though a long vowel before a consonant cluster seems unusual for Quenya)

hrívë noun "winter", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D)

hroa (sometimes spelt "hröa") noun "body" (changed by Tolkien from hrondo, in turn changed from hrón). The word hroa comes from earlier srawa (VT47:35). Pl. hroar is attested (MR:304, VT39:30). In MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa is "roughly but not exactly equivalent to 'body' " (as opposed to "soul"). The Incarnates live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (soul) (WJ:405). Hroafelmë "body-impulse" (impulses provided by the body, e.g. physical fear, hunger, thirst, sexual desire) (VT41:19 cf. 13)

hróta noun "dwelling underground, artificial cave or rockhewn hall" (PM:365)

[hu- or hú-, negative prefix (VT45:17); Tolkien settled on ú- instead.]

huan (hún-, as in dat. sg. húnen) noun "hound" (KHUGAN, KHUG)

Hui noun "Night" (PHUY), in earlier "Qenya" defined as "evening" (MC:214) or "fog, dark, murk, night" (LT1:253).

huinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY), "gloom" (VT41:8), "gloom, darkness" (SA:fuin), also used for "shadow" = Sauron (LR:56). Possessive (adjectival) form huinéva in the name Taurë Huinéva, q.v. In earlier sources, huinë is quoted as a variant of fuinë, but according to VT41:8, huinë is the proper Quenya form and fuinë is Telerin. With prefix nu- "under" and allative ending -nna in nuhuinenna (SD:246); also unuhuinë "under-shadow" (LR:47).

huiva adj. "murky" (LT1:253)

[#hum- vb. "not to do" (cited as 1st person aorist: humin "I do not"; pa.t. húmë. (VT45:17). See #um-.]

*húmë, see fúmë

[húna- vb. "howl" (VT46:6)]

húnen dat. sg. of huan, q.v. (KHUGAN, KHUG)

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN). Also roa.

Huorë masc. name "Heart-vigour" (KHÔ-NOUN)

*hur-, see fur-

hurin adj. "hidden, concealed" (also furin) (LT2:340)

húro noun "storm" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

huru, see furu

[húvanimor, see úvanimo]

hwan (hwand-, e.g. pl. hwandi) noun "sponge, fungus" (SWAD)

hwarin adj. "crooked" (SKWAR)

hwarma noun "crossbar" (SKWAR)

hwermë noun "gesture-code" (WJ:395, VT39:5)

hwesta noun "breeze, breath, puff of air" (SWES), also name of tengwa #12 (Appendix E, VT46:17); hwesta sindarinwa "Grey-elven hw", name of tengwa #34 (Appendix E). Verb hwesta- "to puff" (SWES)

hwindë noun "eddy, whirlpool" (SWIN). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, hwindë was also the name of tengwa #34, which letter Tolkien would later call hwesta sindarinwa instead.

hwinya- vb. "to swirl, eddy, gyrate" (SWIN)

hyá adv.? "here by us" (Narqelion, QL:xiv)

hyalma noun "shell, conch, horn of Ulmo" (SYAL). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, hyalma was also the name of tengwa #33 (VT46:16), which letter Tolkien would later call hyarmen instead.

#hyam- vb. "pray" (aorist hyamë attested, VT43:34)