Land Conflicts in Dar es Salaam and their Socio-political Implications

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1 This study has become a part of a comparative study being conducted in collaboration with the LSE, Crisis States Center, in several countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

2 According to the interviews and aerial photographs, Msikitini is an indigenous settlement which existed already in the early 1950s, whereas Chasimba is fairly a recent settlement which seem to have emerged in the 1990s.

3 Saruji Corporation was founded in 1965 as a government owned cement Production Company.

4 According to the Land Ordinance Cap 113 the compensation payable covered only un-exhausted improvements, as land was considered to have no monetary value and non-marketable. The Land Act No. 4 1999 repealed the Land Ordinance Cap 113, and acknowledged the value of bare land.

5 Following the economic reform policies which Tanzania government started implementing from the mid 1980s, in 1998 Saruji Corporation was privatized and the name changed to Twiga Portland Cement Company; at present the majority shareholder now is Scancem of Norway.

6 Focused Group Discussions with 12 Chasimba residents and leaders March 2008. Furthermore the Msikitini leaders reported that on average households held between half and three quarters of an acre, but the majority occupied half an acre.

7 Then, 1 USD was equivalent to TShs 650/=.

8 Discussions with Msikitini CCM (Party) secretary, July 2008.

9 TPCC management has threatened to halt the planned expansion of the factory if it loses the court case. By issuing such a threatening statement and considering the fact that TPCC controls around 40 per cent of the cement production in the country,

10 An undated public notice issued by a top official of MUHAS showed that in 2004 MLHHSD issued three Plots with three different title deeds no. to MUHAS. The notice was intended to warn seating land occupiers against subdivision and selling of the land.

11 Form Number 69 requires a property/land owner to declare his/her intention to claim compensation while Form Number 70 requires land owners to list their properties and indicate their values. Item 9 of Form Number 70 a require person claiming for compensation to indicate the amount he/she wishes to paid as compensation for the property expropriated.

12Among other things, for the first time, the Act legislated commodification of land and functioning of formal land markets. It radically changed the real estate market because henceforth bare land became a commodity that can be sold openly and not clandestinely as the case was in past.

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