Persons with disability numbered to 942 thousand Based on the results of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000), the total number of persons with disability (PWDs) was posted at 942,098 or about 1.23 percent of the total population in the country. This registered an increase of 2.48 percent compared with the results of the 1995 Census of Population (POPCEN) (919,292 persons). Of the total persons with disability, 473,332 (50.24 percent) were females and 468,766 (49.76 percent) were males.
Low vision was the common disability Three out of eight (37.41 percent) PWDs had low vision, higher by 3.32 percentage points when compared to the 1995 figure. This was followed by partial blindness (8.14 percent), mental illness (7.14 percent), and mental retardation (7.02 percent). Those with multiple impairments comprised 2.92 percent.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
In 1995, low vision (34.09 percent) was also the most common type of disability followed by partial blindness (8.61 percent), partial deafness (7.57 percent), paralysis of one or both legs (6.36 percent), and mental retardation (5.99 percent).
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Median age at 49 years The highest proportion of PWDs was in the age group 80 years and over (7.87 percent), followed by 60 to 64 years (7.75 percent) and 65 to 69 years (6.99 percent). Persons with disability had a median age of 49 years. This means that half of the PWDs were below 49 years old.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Eastern Visayas had the largest proportion of PWDs In terms of the distribution across regions, Eastern Visayas had the highest proportion of PWDs (1.74 percent), followed by Bicol Region at 1.65 percent while Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) had the least at 0.54 percent. In all regions, the most common type of disability was low vision.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Majority of persons with disability were Roman Catholics Roman Catholic was the most dominant religious affiliation (81.48 percent) among PWDs. In terms of the proportion of PWDs to the total population in each type of religious affiliation, Aglipayans had 1.53 percent PWDs; Evangelicals, 1.47 percent; Seventh Day Adventist, 1.39 percent; Roman Catholic, 1.24 percent; Iglesia ni Cristo, 1.18 percent; and Islam, 0.54 percent.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Married outnumbered single PWDs Of the 853 thousand PWDs 10 years old and over, 44.82 percent were married while 31.73 percent were single. Widowed, divorced/separated and those with other marital arrangements made up 17.40 percent, 1.61 percent and 3.58 percent, respectively. Compared to those persons without disability, there was a relatively higher proportion of widowed individuals among PWDs. This was because of the fact that the highest proportion of PWDs was the 60 years and over age group.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Almost half had attended or completed elementary education Of the total PWDs five years old and over, 46.37 percent had attended or completed at most elementary; 16.53 percent, high school; 5.46 percent were college undergraduates; 4.13 percent were academic degree holders; 2.57 percent had post secondary education; and 1.26 percent reached at most pre-school. Less than one percent (0.47 percent) had post baccalaureate studies.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
152 thousand PWDs attended school PWDs who attended school from June 1999 to March 2000 represented 16.17 percent of the total persons with disability. Majority (88.00 percent) of them studied in the same city/municipality where they resided, 8.73 percent in other places within the country, and 0.09 percent in foreign countries. Among PWDs by age group, those aged 10 to 14 years (77.12 percent) registered the highest proportion of those who attended school from June 1999 to March 2000 followed by those in the age group 5 to 9 years (66.53 percent), age group 15 to 19 years (56.66 percent), and age group 20 to 24 years (32.11) percent.
Seven in ten persons with disability were literate Although majority (69.43 percent) of the PWDs were literate, the gap with those persons without disability was still high at 23.14 percentage points. The same is true among male PWDs (22.10 percentage points) and female PWDs (24.19 percentage points). Literacy rate among male PWDs (70.27 percent) was higher than their female counterpart (68.57 percent). On the other hand, the reverse is true among those without disability as the female literacy rate was higher than that of the males.
Table A. Literacy Rate of Persons 10 Years Old and Over With and Without Disability by Age Group:
Philippines, 2000
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Average number of children ever born by a PWD woman was three There were 104,888 ever-married women aged 15 to 49 years with disability. This is equivalent to 0.54 percent of the total women 15 to 49 years old in the country. Among them, 42.61 percent had one to three children while 37.44 percent had four or more children. The proportion of ever-married women who still have no child was 19.86 percent. The average number of children born to an ever-married woman with disability was 3.08. This was higher than those ever-married women without disability at 2.81 children.
One in three PWDs was a household head One in three PWDs (34.44 percent) was a household head and 17.57 percent were spouses of the household head. Of the total number of households in the Philippines (15.3 million), 2.11 percent (322 thousand households) were headed by PWDs. Furthermore, 73.95 percent of this number were headed by male PWDs and 26.05 percent by female PWDs.
More than half of the PWDs were gainfully employed Majority of the PWDs did not consider having disability as a hindrance to work where 57.12 percent of the PWDs 15 years old and over had a job or business. Among them, 62.95 percent were males and 37.05 percent were females. Region-wise, the proportion of PWDs 15 years old and over who were gainfully employed was highest in ARMM (81.06 percent). This was followed by NCR (65.25 percent), Region IX (63.76 percent) and Region XI (61.97 percent). Except in ARMM, the regional proportions were lower compared to those persons without disability.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000 Census of Population and Housing
Three out of ten gainfully employed persons with disability were farmers Among economically active PWDs, 30.94 percent were farmers, forestry workers or fishermen and 10.81 percent were laborers and unskilled workers. Majority of the PWDs working as farmers, forestry workers or fishermen workers were males (83.13 percent) as well as those working as laborers and unskilled workers (58.09 percent). Of the PWD farmers, forestry workers or fishermen, 11.04 percent were in Southern Tagalog, 10.76 percent in Central Visayas, 10.43 percent in Bicol Region and 10.10 percent in Eastern Visayas.
One in twenty households had at least one member with disability The number of households with at least one PWD was 733 thousand. This is equivalent to five percent of the 15 thousand households in the Philippines.
Table B. Number of households with at least one person with disability: Philippines, 2000
In terms of the total households in the regions, Eastern Visayas had the highest percentage (6.99 percent) of households with PWDs. Bicol Region (6.55 percent) and CARAGA (5.96 percent) followed. Meanwhile, in ARMM, only 2.30 percent of households had one or more PWD members.
Three out of five households with at least one PWD used electricity for lighting In 2000, majority (66.83 percent) of the households with PWDs used electricity for lighting, the same with 1990 (52.80 percent) but the proportion in 2000 was higher. The proportion of households with PWDs using kerosene was 29.42 percent, lower than the 1990 figure of 45.20 percent. Households with PWDs using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and oil had 1.00 percent and 0.11 percent, respectively. Among households without PWDs, electricity (68.29 percent) was also the most common source for lighting followed by kerosene (27.05 percent), LPG (1.25 percent), and oil (0.14 percent).
One in every five households with PWDs got water from community water system for drinking and/or cooking The most common source of water supply for drinking and/or cooking of households with PWDs was own use faucet connected to a community water system (26.16 percent). This was followed by shared faucet connected to a community water system (19.49 percent) and shared tubed/piped deep well (16.24 percent). The trend was also the same as those households without PWDs wherein 27.42 percent used own faucet connected to a community water system, 19.30 percent used shared faucet connected to a community water system, and 15.72 percent used shared tubed/piped deep well.
Majority of the households with PWDs had a radio cassette Of the total households with PWDs, 73.70 percent had radio/cassette, lower by almost 20 percentage points when compared to those households without PWDs (93.56 percent). PWD households with television set was 50.45 percent while 65.60 percent for non-PWDs; 32.34 percent of households with PWDs had refrigerator/freezer while 40.87 percent for non-PWDs; 19.91 percent of households with PWDs had video/cassette recorder while 25.76 percent for non-PWDs. Other household conveniences that households with PWDs had were washing machine (19.59 percent), telephone/cellphone (14.44 percent), and motorized vehicle (12.29 percent).
Twenty eight percent owned agricultural land More than one in four (28.25 percent) households with PWDs had an agricultural land (this included the 3.60 percent of the households which acquired the land through Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) or were Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARB)), very much lower when compared to those households without PWD (85.79 percent.). The proportion of households with PWDs and had other residential land was 15.95 percent; and those with other land, 2.73 percent. On the other hand, for those households without PWDs, the corresponding proportions were 85.79 percent for agricultural land, 53.98 percent for other residential land, and 8.99 percent for other land.
Majority lived in single houses Among households with at least one PWD, 90.31 percent lived in single houses, 5.02 percent in multi-residential, 3.18 percent in duplex, and 0.39 percent lived in other types of housing units. Households without PWDs, on the other hand, had the same trend where majority lived in single houses (87.26 percent) followed by those in multi-residential (7.27 percent), and duplex (3.66 percent).
Most houses had roofs made of galvanized iron/aluminum Majority (69.32 percent) of the households with PWDs lived in houses with roofs made of galvanized iron or aluminum, higher by 1.53 percentage points than those households without PWDs. About 22.47 percent of households with PWDs had housing units with roofs made of cogon or nipa or anahaw, while 3.66 percent with half galvanized and half concrete and 3.37 with other materials.
Three in ten (29.79 percent) households with PWDs lived in houses with outer walls made of concrete/brick stone, 22.84 percent with wood, 22.55 percent with bamboo/sawali/cogon/nipa, 20.19 percent with half concrete/brick/stone/half wood, 1.35 percent with makeshift/salvaged/improvised material, and 1.54 percent with other materials.
On the other hand, for those households without PWDs, 30.92 percent had housing units with outer walls made of concrete/brick stone, 22.49 percent with bamboo/sawali/nipa, 22.78 percent with wood, 19.10 percent with half concrete/brick/stone/half wood and 1.45 percent with other materials.
Majority of the housing units needed minor repair or no repair at all Most of the households with PWDs (64.87 percent) lived in houses in good condition, that is, needed no repair or with minor repair only. The proportion which needed major repair was recorded at 22.61 percent, 5.68 percent with unfinished construction, and the remaining 4.40 percent were under construction, under renovation or already dilapidated/condemned. Houses of households without PWDs on the other hand, had higher proportion that needed no repair or with minor repair only (68.83 percent), while housing units that needed major repair was lower (18.96 percent).
Two in three (66.43 percent) households with PWDs lived in houses built after 1980, lower than those households without PWDs which is 73.83 percent. About three in ten households with PWDs (28.70 percent) had houses built earlier than 1981, higher than those without PWDs by 8.02 percentage points (20.68 percent).
Median floor area was 25.9 square meters More than half of the households with PWDs (55.40 percent) were in housing units with floor area less than 30 square meters, 26.77 percent with 30 to 69 square meters, and 15.55 percent with 70 square meters and over.
The median floor area of housing units of households with PWDs was 25.96 square meters. This means that half of the households with PWDs resided in housing units that had a floor area below 25.96 square meters. This was higher than those households without PWDs (24.1 square meters).
More than three-fourths of households with PWDs owned/amortized their housing units Majority of the households with PWDs (77.80 percent) owned or amortized the housing units they occupied, 11.50 percent had a rent-free arrangement with the consent of owner, 6.63 percent rented the housing units, and almost one percent had a rent-free arrangement without the consent of owner. Households without PWDs on the other hand, had a lower proportion of owned or amortized housing units (70.71 percent) but had higher proportion of rent-free arrangement with consent of owner (13.52 percent).
Source: National Statistics Office
Manila, Philippines
Page last revised: August 23, 2005
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