Marginalized Knowledge: An Agenda for Indigenous Knowledge Development and Integration with Other Forms of Knowledge

1
0. SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The operational hypotheses throughout the paper were as follows:

1. 
   The inadequate provision of recreation facilities and programmes for the youth in Umlazi township has a negative impact on their behaviour. And that
   
2. 
   The lack of relevant recreation programmes for the youth in Umlazi leads to the youth neglecting the existing recreation facilities.
   

The direct question that was put to the youth about the inadequacy of facilities and programmes coupled with antisocial behaviour among the youth revealed that 86% of the youth believe this to be true. This has been affirmed by the fact that about 92.4% of the youth has agreed that there is lack of recreation and sporting facilities in the township.

On the second hypothesis an indication has been that only a minimal of facilities that are accompanied by relevant recreation programmes. These facilities are soccer fields and community halls. Consequently, recreation activities that are offered in these facilities have a high number of participants, for example soccer, choral music and dancing. On the other hand facilities that have not been accompanied by relevant recreation programmes have failed to attract a large number of participants from the youth community. The two hypotheses propounded at the beginning of the study has therefore been proven to be valid.
From what has been gathered throughout the research, the researcher recommends that:

1. 
   In providing recreation facilities for the youth in Umlazi, providers must take into consideration gender and the different adolescent stages as these call for different recreation needs;
   
2. 
   It is further recommended that the provision of recreation facilities must be accompanied by relevant recreation programmes to ensure their optimal usage. These programmes must be conducted by professional people in the field; and
   
3. 
   Thirdly, the study recommends that the location of facilities must not be measured in terms of centrality but accessibility by whatever means of transport
   

In concluding the findings of this paper, it will be proper to revisit what Harris in van der Smissen et al (1975:126) said about the provision of recreation facilities for both boys and girls. She had this to say:

“Leaders will have to understand the difference in boys and girls in terms of growth and development. In addition they will have to appreciate the great individual variation within a sex and understand how interest and involvements are pursued because of how they have been reared and reinforced for the individual. Once one knows and understands that there is probably greater variation between the 97^th percentile and the 3^rd percentile of the male than there is between males and females in general, one must program for wider interest and involvement for both sexes. This understanding leaves no rationale for perpetuating double standards for expectations or two types of programmes within recreation. Once you know better, it is unforgivable if you continue to perpetuate your own biases and insecurities upon those to whom you give leadership and assistance in the development of their selfhood.”