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- 5.2. Other postwar spy novelist
144 Ian Fleming. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. 2 December 2009 < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian _Fleming 42
was Personal Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence at the Admirality.” 145146 In my opinion, his wartime experiences provided him with a basic knowledge of secret operations and inspiration for his later writing. He familiarized himself with the work of intelligence. He made also several confidential missions to the United States for Naval Intelligence Service. His work took him to France, Spain, North Africa, where he visited British embassies and followed operation of Golden Eye, a plan who should provide a defense of Gibraltar. 147 “ He built his house, Golden Eye in Jamaica and there at the age of forty-four he wrote “ Casino Royale” , the first of the novels featuring Commander James Bond. After finishing his second novel “ Live and Let Die” , Fleming started to work as columnist of the Sunday Times, which provided him a lots of ideas, news, facts for his other works – Moonraker, Diamonds Are Forever, From Russia with Love which meant a real success for him. Doctor No” , the first film featuring James Bond and starring Sean Connery, was released in 1962 and the Bond films continue to be huge international successes.” Apart from books, his passions were games, especially golf. He was above all original in everything he did, he did not imitate anyone in taste or style. With intention of James Bond, Ian Fleming created the greatest British fictional icon, symbol of the late twentieth century. One of the most important aspects of the Bond story is just the very name “ Bond, James Bond”. Bond is a figure designed to resist the menace to empire, Bond was seen as a defender of United Kingdom and the whole empire. Later the setting and dynamics of the plot changed, as the cultural, historical and political environment in which the Bond character are put, altered and changed as well. The changing British world role and view of the world was demonstrated via Bond. Bond was created and formed as a cold-hearted hero, a gambler, society man. He is connected with an image of toughness, stubbornness, sharpness, cleverness, gentlemanliness and male sexuality. Attributes of a gentleman were import ant to Bond´s succ ess . Wit h Bond Fleming represents the unrealistic school of glamour-espionage because he tried to glamorize him in all aspects. Flemin g´s last novel The Man with the Golden Gun was written while Fleming was sick and was only able to work for one and a half hours a day. The book was published 145 146 Ian Fleming. Official Web Site of Ian Fleming. 14 April 2009 43
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15 2posthumously in 1965. Fleming´s death in 1964 did not lead to the end of the Bond novels. There was a certain pressure of the public to continue the product. Kingsley Amis continued in this tradition as a follower of Ian Fleming. 5.2. Other postwar spy novelist “ John le Carr é is a pen name of David John Moore Cornwell. He was born in 1931 as the son of Richard Thomas Archibald Cornwell and Olive Cornwell in Dorset, England. His mothe r Olive abandoned him at the age of five. He began to at te nd St. Andrew´s preparatory schools in Berkshire, but he was unhappy there because of the harsh regime which was typical for British public schools at that time” . “ In 1950 Le Carr é joine d the Briti sh Army´s Int elligence Corps in Aus tr ia where he improved his knowledge of German. Later he studied at Lincoln College, Oxford where he also carried out secret assignments for MI5, which was connected with collecting information about possible incident Soviet Agents. Before he started to work for MI5 as a full-time job officer, he taught foreign languages at Eton College, mainly German and French. “ While engaged in the work for MI5, he started to work on his first novel Call for the Dead. “ In 1960, Le Carr é changed the intelligence service and joined the foreignintelligence Service MI6. He worked under the diplomatic cover of the British Embassy in Bonn and later he was sent to Hamburg, where he wrote his another two books A Murder of Quality, where he followed the pattern of a murder mystery with an element of espionage . It was a detective story and The Spy Who Came In from the Cold which brought him another success and became the best-seller.” John le Carr é lives in St. Buryan, Cornwall. He won the Somerset Maughan Award and is a well-known British author of espionage novels of which some have been adapted for film and television. Ian Fleming. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. 2 December 2009 < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian _Fleming Ousby, Ian.: Op.cit.,p. 567 John Le Car ré – pseudonym of David John Moore Cornwell. Kirjasto Web. 20 April 2010 44
153 Nearly, all of his works are spy novels, with a particular stress on the Cold War. His main figure George Smiley appears in most of his novels – Call for the Dead, A Murder of Quality. Le Carr é as an English author of spy realistic stories was not immediately famous with his first two novels – both books mentioned above. In these two novels Le Carr é introduced the mild-mannered secret agent (George Smiley), but this were more crime novels than spy novels. His success started with The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, a cold-war thriller inspired by the events taken from the Berlin Wall. Smiley became a major character, a spy master fighting his opposite number Carla. 154 Le Carré with the publication of his book The Spy Who Came In from the Cold in 1963 presented the definitive opposite-matter to the Bond tales. Like Ian Fleming, Le Carr é had worked for British secret service 155, but le Carré created a wholly different kind of spy fiction. He brought this type of novel at the platform of realism and in his figure of George Smiley he created a spy as unlike Bond as possible. His spy was more credible, trustworthy, realistic and more worthy. Many of le Carr é´s books can be seen as a reaction against the sensationalism of Fleming and all his characters are far removed from those of Fleming and sensational characters in general “John le Carr é is compared of James Fenimore Cooper because they both express similar emotions. Le Carr é in his The Spy Who Came in from the Cold and Cooper some 140 years earlier with his 1821 Revolutionary War narrative. In Le Carr é story, the spy is Alec Leamas, who is executed in Cold War Berlin. In Cooper, it is Harvey Birch, an American spy cast against the backdrop of the revolution in New York. Both stories are in concert with their times, parallel reality and tales of adventure with dark world of espionage. The moods are gray, the settings circumscribed, and Leamas and Birch emerge as ordinary individuals who are not much different than the people they oppose. They are common men following danger ous pat hs t hrough uncer tain time per iod. “156 His other works are A Small Town in Germany, Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, The Honourable Schoolboy, Smiley ´s Peopl e , The Little Drummer Girl, A Perfect Spy, The Russian House, The Tailor of Panama, Absolute friends, A Most Wanted Man etc. Le 153 Yüklə 0,5 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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