Below is a list of questions on the text passage which you have just read. For each question, please select the most correct answer by ticking the applicable box or circling the applicable letter.
1.
The lungs are the component of the human respiratory system responsible for oxygenation of the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide. What other major function do they serve?
(A)
Managing blood pressure
(B)
Managing the concentration of hydrogen ions and helping to regulate the acidity or pH of the blood
Through the process of diffusion, where low concentrations of oxygen in the alveoli move into the small blood vessels that surround each alveolus
(C)
Through the process of effusion, where high concentrations of oxygen in the alveoli move into the small blood vessels that surround each alveolus
(D)
Through the process of diffusion, where high concentrations of nitrogen in the alveoli move into the small blood vessels that surround each alveolus
6.
Describe the flow of air from the nose or mouth through the lungs. What structures must the air pass through to reach the alveoli?
(A)
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and goes past the bronchioles into the trachea, continuing until it reaches the epiglottis, after which it spreads out and travels along the epiglottis until it reaches the alveoli
(B)
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and goes past the trachea into the epiglottis, continuing until it reaches the alveoli, after which it spreads out and travels along the alveoli until it reaches the bronchioles.
(C)
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and goes past the epiglottis into the trachea, continuing until it reaches the bronchi, after which it spreads out and travels along the bronchioles until it reaches the alveoli
(D)
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and goes past the alveolus into the trachea, continuing until it reaches the bronchi, after which it spreads out and travels along the bronchioles until it reaches the epiglottis
7.
The pressurization system of a submarine that is 10,000 feet below the surface of the ocean suddenly begins to malfunction, increasing the air pressure in the cabin. Assuming there is still plenty of oxygen in the cabin, how would the respiration of the crew be affected?
(A)
The crew would become asthmatic
(B)
The crew would struggle to exhale (breathe out)
(C)
The crew would breathe more slowly
(D)
The crew would struggle to inhale (breathe in)
8.
If a person's epiglottis were not working properly, what would be likely to happen?
Food and liquid may enter a person’s airway when they swallow
9.
Most cars that burn gasoline have an emissions control system that includes a component called an oxygen sensor, which functions in a similar way to the system in the human body that can trigger involuntary breathing. How does this emissions control system work?
(A)
The sensor measures oxygen levels
(B)
Rate of air intake is increased or decreased if oxygen levels are too high or low
Photosynthesis in plants involves the intake of carbon dioxide and the conversion of carbon dioxide into sugars using energy from sunlight. There are two main classes of disorders that can affect photosynthesis in plants that are very similar to the two main classes of disorders that can affect human respiration. How would each of these two classes of disorder affect photosynthesis?
(A)
Some disorders will make the intake of carbon dioxide more difficult, while others will improve the ability of plants to convert carbon dioxide into sugars
(B)
Some disorders will make the intake of carbon dioxide easier, while others will improve the ability of plants to convert carbon dioxide into sugars
(C)
Some disorders will make the intake of carbon dioxide more difficult, while others will decrease the ability of plants to convert carbon dioxide into sugars
(D)
Some disorders will make the intake of carbon dioxide more difficult, while others will decrease the ability of plants to convert sugars into carbon dioxide
