Maxsus ta’lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti qoshidagi akademik litsey Nurmatov J. N, Kudratov K. X

EX 255 TRANSLATE INTO UZBEK AND LEARN BY HEART.

Words with the meaning ‘One’

Counting one thing or person

Pete started his first job last week.

He was the first to arrive.

I don’t have a single free moment today.

Maths is the only subject I really like.

Larry was the only one to write to me.

He was the sole/only survivor of the crash.

Lou is an only child.

Counting one event

I’ve (only) been to Scotland once.

She phones her sister once a week.

Is this your first time on a plane?

I first visited Peking in 1990.

The one/only time I went on a boat, I was sick.

Other adjectives and adverbs

Do you have a single room with shower?

How much is a single/one-way ticket?

Garry’s still single: I don’t think he’ll ever marry.

Only half of all lone mothers (=mothers without a partner) have a job.

To play against a world champion is a unique opportunity.

I don’t like living alone: I feel very lonely.

Four prisoners were put in solitary confinement.

He used to take long solitary walks in the hills.

Verbs

Europe may soon be politically unified.

All the workers united to try to save the company.

Notice that firstly does not mean ‘first in time’, and is only used in lists: Firstly ... Secondly ... Thirdly.

EX 256 TRANSLATE THE TEXT
AN INTRODUCTION TO BLACK HOLES
A black hole is a region of space time from which nothing can escape, even light. To see why this happens, imagine throwing a tennis ball into the air. The harder you throw the tennis ball, the faster it is traveling when it leaves your hand and the higher the ball will go before turning back. If you throw it hard enough, it will never return; the Earth’s gravity will not be able to pull it back down. The velocity the ball must have to escape is known as the escape velocity and for the Earth it is about 7 miles per second. As a body is crushed into a smaller and smaller size, its gravitational attraction increases, and hence the escape velocity gets bigger.

Things have to be thrown harder and harder to escape. Eventually, a point is reached when even light, which travels at 186 thousand miles a second, is not traveling fast enough to escape. At this point, nothing can get out as nothing can travel faster than light. This is a black hole. A common type of black hole is the type produced by some dying stars. A star that has a mass of about 10 – 20 times the mass of our Sun may produce a black hole at the end of its life. In the normal life of a star, there is a constant struggle between gravity pulling in and pressure pushing out. Nuclear reactions that occur in the core of the star produce enough energy to push outward. For most of a star.s life, gravity and pressure balance each other exactly, and so the star is stable. However, when a star runs out of nuclear fuel, gravity gets the upper hand and the material in the core is compressed. The more massive the core of the star, the greater the force of gravity that compresses the material. When a very massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel, it explodes as a supernova. The outer parts of the star are expelled violently into space,while the core completely collapses under its own weight. The core compacts into a point with almost zero size, which is believed to have infinite density. This is referred to as a singularity. When this happens, escape would require a velocity greater than the speed of light. The distance from the black hole at which the escape velocity is just equal to the speed of light is called the event horizon. Anything, including light, that passes across the event horizon toward the black hole is forever trapped.