Mbn hiv/aids evaluation final report Team of consultants
| Focus HIV/AIDS policy
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Stimulating AIDS prevention from a gender and sexuality perspective. internal and external mainstreaming Supporting organisations that reach marginalised groups (often high risk groups). Lobby on female-controlled prevention methods |
Prevention, awareness and information Organisation building and network development (particular attention to PLWHA, support to self-organisations, support of organisations of sexual minorities) Emancipation and sexuality, focus on freedom to experience sexuality (strengthen the position of women and girls (in prevention and care) and focus on sexual minorities Lobbying, advocacy: in particular on adequate care, optimal functioning in society of PLWHA and sexual minorities and access to medicines |
Risk reduction: ex. prevention in HBC activities Decreasing vulnerability: empowerment of women, education of young people, reproductive rights – access to health care services and combating sexual violence Impact mitigation: comprehensive HBC, pilot projects to introduce ART, formation and support of CBOs, OVCs External mainstreaming Lobby and forming strategic alliances: on access to ART, access to Global Fund money, inclusion of HIV in the PRSP and OVCs |
Support of AIDS specialist organisations involved in prevention, care and treatment Mainstreaming Facilitating networking and South-South exchange between AIDS specialist and generalist organisations Lobby and advocacy activities regarding the fight against stigma and discrimination of PLWHA Church-related counterparts: support to international, regional and local organisations engaged in a discussion on HIV/AIDS within the church |
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Awareness building and stigma reduction Extending the life of the parent-child relationship (treatment-care) Preparing the family for transition (counselling and economic support) Promoting the child’s future (access to education and life skills) |
Because the general MBN framework and the HIV/AIDS contexts are the same for the five CFAs, they all intend to contribute to risk reduction, decreasing vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection and impact mitigation, and they consider HIV/AIDS as a development issue that should be integrated into all core functions of the organisation. However every CFA has set its own priorities and differences are mainly related on the nature of counterparts each CFA is familiar with and their general operational framework (themes).
HIV/AIDS focussed organisations and generalist organisations
The actual portfolio of the five CFAs broadly consists of two types of counterparts: HIV/AIDS specific organisations and generalist organisations, which integrate or mainstream HIV/AIDS into their core business. All CFAs have integrated HIV/AIDS specific organisations into their portfolio, but there is an important difference between Hivos and Plan on the one hand and Novib, Cordaid and ICCO on the other hand.
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Hivos’ main focus is on the support of HIV/AIDS specific organisations. This is strongly linked to the early response of Hivos to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Hivos had developed an HIV/AIDS policy and practice right at the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, hence challenges were different (see 3.1. HIV/AIDS context). Specific interventions oriented towards specific target (high risk) groups were needed, for Hivos in particular sexual minorities. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has evolved to the generalised phase in Southern Africa and South of India and Hivos defends the rights of sexual minorities and other high risk groups, because social exclusion is an important factor in the spread of HIV/AIDS. The policy review in 2000 leading to the current policy document reconfirmed the position of Hivos in the fight against HIV/AIDS but also recommended to add mainstreaming efforts to its work. Hence Hivos started to invest in mainstreaming processes within generalist organisations and to elaborate links between HIV/AIDS and the other themes, in particular the themes “economy” and “gender”. -
Plan has developed the approach of the Circle of Hope, mainly focussing on the support of organisations which deliver HIV/AIDS related services to children and the communities they are living in. However, since 2002 HIV/AIDS is considered as a cross cutting issue that needs to be integrated also in programmes involving generalist organisations. -
Novib, ICCO and Cordaid were on the forefront of responding to HIV/AIDS as a development issue. Their policy papers focus on HIV/AIDS as a development issue and the need to mainstream HIV/AIDS in other sectors, like livelihood, food security, education and humanitarian aid. They focus more on integrating or mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in generalist organisations, although they also included HIV/AIDS focussed organisations. In their policy papers they highlight that the expertise of these HIV/AIDS focussed organisations can be used to build up the HIV/AIDS capacity of their other counterparts, often generalist organisations.
Different challenges for the five CFA regarding HIV/AIDS education and prevention
Risk reduction and decreasing vulnerability to HIV/AIDS is an important strategy for all CFAs; this is concretised through the support of counterparts involved in HIV/AIDS education and prevention activities. The five HIV/AIDS policy papers emphasise the importance of HIV/AIDS education and prevention. They also stress the importance of the rights of PLWHA and the fight against discrimination of PLWHA. In fact, all CFAs are working from a rights based approach.
Regarding HIV/AIDS education and prevention, differences in approach can be seen between faith-based organisations and the others, where the majority of faith-based organisations focus on abstinence and being faithful only, and leave out the promotion of condoms. Regarding the latter, Cordaid and ICCO, having 30% of all faith-based organisations in their portfolio, are challenging the position of the church regarding their prevention approach focussing solely on abstinence and faithfulness as well as their position regarding the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Involvement in comprehensive care and support programmes at different extent and steered at different target groups
All CFAs are involved in HIV/AIDS related care and support programmes but at different extent. In their policy papers, Hivos and Novib focus more on prevention and awareness building whereas support of organisations involved in care, treatment and support consist an important part of the HIV/AIDS strategy of Cordaid and ICCO. Hivos and Novib are involved in care and support initiatives, focussing on marginalised groups (HIVOS has only recently started to include support to informal care in their programme), whereas Cordaid and ICCO are involved in care and support, often through their faith-based organisations who are traditionally involved in the care and support of poor people. Plan has developed a comprehensive approach called “Circle of Hope”, targeting children and HIV/AIDS-affected families and communities.
Gender
The HIV/AIDS policies of the five CFAs have made the link between HIV/AIDS and gender. Hivos and Novib in particular elaborate the link between HIV/AIDS, gender and sexuality issues. Novib is focussing on gender-based violence and rights of women, Hivos addresses issues such as men having sex with men, gender based violence and the emancipation of sexual minorities.
Differences and similarities regarding lobby and advocacy
All CFAs are lobbying HIV/AIDS-issues as there are “access to treatment”, “rights of PLWHA” and “increased attention for HIV/AIDS in development cooperation policies and budget lines” issues. In addition to this the CFAs focus on some specific subjects:
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Cordaid and ICCO advocate and lobby the role and position of churches and faith-based organisation in the fight against HIV/AIDS, -
Cordaid and Plan lobby on the position of OVCs in donor HIV/AIDS policies, -
Novib on female controlled prevention methods, gender based violence and the rights of women. With the Oxfams they are involved in the lobby on TRIPS and generic medicines (ARVs). -
Hivos lobbies on the rights of sexual minorities and access to treatment. Hivos is strongly involved in lobby and advocacy programmes as most of its counterparts have an activist profile and lobby constitutes its core business.
Detailed description of the HIV/AIDS policy and its evolution and implementation can be found in the organisation reports drafted separately for each of the five CFAs (these documents are available on request at each CFA, see annex 7).
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