Migration and identity

WEEK 3: Tied migration: the case of Indian indentured labour

12.10.2004

Is capitalism compatible with unfree labour or, as Marx thought, a mode of production that requires free labour? What forms of unfree labour from the end of plantation slavery appear to have survived? Were Indian indentured workers experiencing ‘a new form of slavery’? What was the position of Indian women under indenture? Are modern migrants the lineal descendants of unfree workers?
Archer, L. J. (ed.) Slavery and Other Forms of Unfree Labour (London: Routledge, 1988) HC 7100.S5

Beall, Jo ‘Women Under Indenture in Colonial Natal, 1860–1911’ in Colin Clarke et al. (eds) South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990) 57–74

Brass, T. ‘Slavery Now: Unfree Labour and Modern Capitalism’, Slavery and Abolition Vol. 9, 1988 (SRC box)

Brass, T. et al. Free and Unfree Labour (Amsterdam: International Institute for Social History, 1993)* (Copiesof this available for purchase)

Clarke, Colin et al. (eds) South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990) 1–163 HC 2300.S6*

Cohen, Robin The New Helots 1–32

Corrigan, P. ‘Feudal Relics or Capitalist Monument? Notes on the Sociology of Unfree Labour’, Sociology Vol.11, 1977, 35–63

Cunliffe, Marcus Chattel Slavery and Wage Slavery (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979) HC7161.C8

Dabydeen, D. and B. Samaroo (eds) India in the Caribbean (London: Hansib, 1987) F 2191.I6

Daniel, P. The Shadow of Slavery, Peonage in the South, 1901–1969 (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) HC7361.D2

Emmer, P. C. (ed.) Colonialism and Migration: Indentured Labour before and after Slavery (Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1986) HM1450.C6

Khan, Aisha ‘Homeland, motherland: Authenticity, legitimacy, and ideologies of place among Muslims in Trinidad’ in Peter van der Veer (ed.) Nation and migration: The politics of space in the South Asian diaspora (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995) 93–131

Kloosteboer, W. Involuntary Labour since the Abolition of Slavery (Leiden: Brill, 1960)* HM 5500.H5

Miles, R. Capitalism and Unfree Labour (London: Tavistock, 1987)* HM 5500.M4

Mintz, S. ‘Slavery and Forced Labour in Puerto Rico’, in S. Mintz Caribbean Transformations (Chicago: Aldine Press, 1974) HC 7100.N4

Parekh, Bhikhu ‘Some reflections on the Hindu diaspora’, New Community, 20 (4), 1994, 603–20

Peach, Ceri ‘Three phases of South Asian emigration’ in Judith M. Brown and Rosemary Foot (eds) Migration: The Asian experience (New York: St. Martin’s Press in association with St. Antony’s College, Oxford, 1994) 38–55

Plant, R. Sugar and Modern Slavery (London: Zed Books, 1987) HM 9730.R6

Potts, Lydia The World Labor Market, 63–103

Rodney, W. A History of the Guyanese Working People (London: Heinemann, 1981) HM 9730.R6

Thiara, Ravi ‘Indian indentured workers in Mauritius, Natal and Fiji’ in Robin Cohen (ed.) The Cambridge survey of world migration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) 63–68*

Tinker, H. A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas: 1830–1920 (London: Oxford University Press, 1974)* HM 1458.T4

Tinker, H. The Banyan Tree: Overseas Emigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977) HC 2181.T4

Vertovec, Steven (1995) ‘Indian indentured migration to the Caribbean’ in Robin Cohen (ed.) The Cambridge survey of world migration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 57–62*

Self-check: You should be able to distinguish free and unfree labour, look at the transitions from slave to free labour and have a detailed knowledge of Indian indentured migrants

WEEK 4: Forced labour in labour-repressive systems

19.10.2004

The term ‘labour-repressive systems/economies’ is used by Barrington Moore in The Social Origins … though it is not well developed. Subsequent authors have none the less seen it as a useful means of analysing societies with a high degree of state-direction of the labour force e.g. the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany. How was labour organised and mobilised in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union?
Borkin, J. The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben (New York: Free Press, 1978)* D 804.G4

Bracher, K. D. The German Dictatorship (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978) (Background) DD 256.S.87

Dallin, D. and B. E. Nicolaevsky Forced Labour in the Soviet Union (London: Hollis & Carter, 1948) HM 5531.D2

Ferencz, A. Less Than Slaves (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979) DS 135.E83

Firedrich, Carl J. and Z. K. Brzenzinski Totalitarian Dictatorhsip and Autocracy (New York: Frederick Praeger,1961) 211–224

Hamburger, L. How Nazi Germany Mobilised Labour (pamphlet HM 5523.H2)

Homze, E. L. Foreign Labor in Nazi Germany (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967)* DD 256.5.H6

Hosking, G. A History of the Soviet Union (London: Fontana, 1985) (Background only) DK 266.H6

Moore, B. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969) (concept only: use index) D 208.M6

Solzhenitsyn, A. The Gulag Archipelago 1918–1956 (London: Fontana, 1979) DK 268.S6

Speer, A. The Slave State (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981)* DD 256.S7

Swianiewicz, S. Forced Labour and Economic Development (London: 1965)* HM 5531 S9

Self-check: You should have a clear idea of how labour was deployed in Nazi Germany and Stalin’s USSR and be able to compare the two.

WEEK 5: Labour migration: Europe 1945-70s

26.10.2004

Were the large flows of migrants to Western Europe in the period 1945–75 cause or consequence of the boom years? Why were migrants so useful economically during this period? Why did legal labour migration stop so suddenly in the mid-1970s?
Berger, J. with J. Mohr A Seventh Man (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975) HM 1452.B3

Bohning, R. The Migration of Workers in the United Kingdom and the European Community (London: Oxford University Press, 1971) HM 1452.1.B6

Castells, M. ‘Immigrant Workers and Class Struggles in Advanced Capitalism: The Western European Experience’, in Cohen, Gutkind and Brazier (eds) Peasants and Proletarians 1979 OR in Politics and Society 5 (1) 1975*

Castles, S. and G. Kosack Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985) HM 1452.C2

Castles S. and Miller The Age of Migration 46–93

Castles, S. Here for Good; Western Europe’s New Ethnic Minorities (London: Pluto, 1984)* HC 2320.C2

Castles, S. ‘The Guest-worker in Western Europe: An Obituary’, IMR 20, Winter 1986, 761–778

Cohen, R. The New Helots.Chapter 4

Freeman, G. P. Immigrant Labor and Racial Conflict in Industrial Societies (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979) HC 2311.F7

Gorz, A. ‘Immigrant Labour’, New Left Review May/June 1970

Harris, N. ‘The New Untouchables’, International Socialism Vol. 2, 1980

Kindleberger, C. P. Europe’s Post-war Growth: the Role of Labor Supply (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967) HM 1320.K4

Miles, R. Racism and Migrant Labour (London: Routledge tic Kegan Paul, 1982) HC 9720.M4

Phizacklea, A. One Way Ticket: Migration and Female Labour (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984)

Ward, A. ‘European Capitalism’s Reserve Army’ Monthly Review 27 (6) November 1975, in SRC Box*
Self-check: You should be able to describe the particularities of the 1945–75 years, using at least Britain, France and Germany as examples (if looking at other example The Netherlands is well documented)