Migration and identity

WEEK 15 The British ‘imperial diaspora’

1.2.2005

Can one describe the British and their descendants abroad as ‘a diaspora’?,What problems arise in so doing? . What are the major components of the British population abroad in terms of the motives for leaving?
Anon (1982) The diaspora of the British, London: Institute of Commonwealth Studies Collected Seminar Papers

Bailyn, B (1987) The peopling of British North America: An Introduction London: IB Tauris

Baines, D. E (1985) Migration in a Mature Economy: Emigration and Internal Migration in England and Wales, 1861–1900 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985

Bancroft, H. H. (1891) Chronicles of the builders of the commonwealth, San Francisco, CA: History Company

Bastin, J. (1965) The British in west Sumatra, 1685-1825, Kuala Lumpur: University of Malay Press

Bean, P and J Melville (1989) Lost Children of the Empire London: Unwin Hyman

Beaverstock, J.V. (1996b). ‘Re-visiting high-waged labour market demand in global cities: British professional and managerial workers in New York City’, IJURR, 20, 422-445

Buller, H. and Hoggart, K. (1994) International counterurbanization: British migrants in rural France, Aldershot: Avebury

Carrothers, W. A. (1929) Emigration from the British Isles London: King

Chapman, M. (1992a) The Celts - the construction of a myth, London: Macmillan

Cohen, Robin (1997) Global diasporas: an introduction, 66-81*

Constantine, S. (ed.) (1990) Emigrants and Empire

Constantine, Stephen (1990) (ed) Emigrants and empire: British settlement in the dominions between the wars (Manchester: Manchester University Press

Ekirch, A. R. (1987) Bound for America: The Transportation of British Convicts to the Colonies 1718–1755, (Oxford: Clarendon Press)

Hall, C. (1995) ‘Imperial man: Edward Eyre in Australasia and the West Indies 1833-65’ in Bill Schwarz (ed.) The expansion of England: essays in the cultural history of race and ethnicity, Routledge

Hammeton, A. James (1979) Emigrant Gentlewomen: Genteel Poverty and Female Emigration, 1830–1914, (London Croom Helm) HC 2111 H2

Isaac, J (1954) British post-war migration Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954

Kotkin, Joel (1992) Tribes: How Race, Religion and Identity Determine Success in the New Global Economy (New York: Random House) Chapter 3*

Marriott, Sir John A. R. (1927) Empire settlement, London: Oxford University Press*

Masiel, Albert (1955) ‘The Scottish-Americans’, Reader’s Digest, London: Sept.

McCleary, G. F (1965) Peopling the British Commonwealth London: Faber and Faber

McGaffrey, L. J. The Irish Diaspora in America Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1976

Mulhall, M. (1878) The English in South America, Buenos Aires: Standard office, E.Stanford

Plant, G. F (1951) Oversea Settlement: Migration from the United Kingdom to the Dominions, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Pooley, Colin G and Ian G. Whyte (1991) Migrants, Emigrants and Immigrants London: Routledge* 1–83 HC 2011 M4 {A no. of useful essays in this}

Richards, Eric (1993) ‘How did poor people emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the nineteenth century?’, Journal of British Studies, 32 (3), 250–79 (SRC box)*

Seeley, Sir John (1895) The expansion of England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shaw, A. G. L.(1966) Convicts and the colonies London: Faber & Faber

Shepperson, W. S. (1957) British emigration to North America: Projects and opinions in the early Victorian period, Oxford: Basil Blackwell

Swaisland, C. (1993) Servants and gentlewomen to the golden land: the emigration of single women from Britain to southern Africa, 1820-1939, Oxford: Berg

Swaisland, Cecille (1993) ‘Female Migration and Social Mobility: British female domestic servants to South Africa, 1860–1914’ in Gina Buijs (ed) Migrant Women: Crossing Boundaries and changing identities, Oxford: Berg, 161–178

Tinker, Hugh (1995) ‘The British colonies of settlement’ in R. Cohen (ed.) The Cambridge Survey of World Migration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press*

Trollope, J (1988) Britannia’s Daughters: Women of the British Empire London: Cresset

Wagner, Gillian (1982) Children of the Empire London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson

Warnes, A.M. and Patterson, G. (1998) ‘British retirees in Malta: components of the cross-national relationship’, International Journal of Population Geography, 4(2)
Self-check: You should be available to assess whether the British abroad were, or remain an ‘imperial’ or ‘dominion’ diaspora’. You might be able to use family experiences to illustrate some of the material presented. Pay some attention also to the particular situation of women and children.

WEEK 16

7-11.2,2005

NO LECTURE OR CLASSES THIS WEEK – READING WEEK

WEEK 17 East-West migration and the creation of a new Russian diaspora

15.2.2005

Fears of ‘East–West’ migration replacing ‘South–North’ migration have led to highly restrictive measures along the eastern frontiers western Europe. Are these fears realistic or exaggerated? At the same time the collapse of the Russian empire has left ‘stranded Russian minorities’ in various part of the former USSR and its satellite countries. Do this constitute a diaspora?

Assigned reading

Ardittis, S. (ed) (1992) The politics of East–West Migration, London: Macmillan

Basok, Tanya and Alexander Benifand ‘Soviet Jewish emigration’ in Robin Cohen (ed) The Cambridge survey of world migration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 502–6

Bensidonn, S. (1990) ‘The Russian diaspora in the world 1919–1939’, Revue Historique, 57 (6), 407–11 (in French)

Brym, R (1992) ‘The emigration potential of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland and Russia: Recent survey results; International Sociology, 7 (?) 387–395

Campbell, D. (1998) National deconstruction: violence, identity and justice in Bosnia, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Chinn, J. and Kaiser, R. (1996) Russians as the new minority: ethnicity and nationalism in the Soviet successor states, Boulder, CO: Westview Press Boulder

Chinyaeva, Elena (1995) ‘Russian emigres: Czechoslovak refugee policy and the development of the international refugee regime between the two world wars’, Journal of Refugee Studies, 8 (2), 142-62

Cohen, R, (1991) ‘East-West Migration in the Global Context’, New Community, 18 (1), October 1991, 9-26

Council of Europe People on the Move: New Migration Flows in Europe Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press, 1992* HC 2020.P3

Durovic, Lubomir (1983) Lingua in diaspora: studies in the language of the second generation of Yugoslav immigrant children in Sweden, Lund: Slaviska Institutionen vid Lunds Universitet

Gray, V. (1996) ‘Beyond Bosnia: etho-national diasporas and security in Europe’, Contemporary Security Policy, 17 (1), 146-173

Fassman, Heinz and Rainer Munz (1995) ‘East–West migration, 1945–1992’ in Robin Cohen (ed) The Cambridge survey of world migration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 470–80*

Fassman, Heinz and Rainer Munz (eds) (1994) European Migration in the late twentieth century: Historical patterns, actual trends and social implications, Aldershot: Gower* (six chapters in part 3)

Heitman, S ‘Soviet Emigration since 1985’ Nationalities Papers 22 (1) 1994, 247–61

Heitman, S. ‘Soviet Emigration in 1990: A new "Fourth Wave", Innovation (Vienna) 4 (3/4) 1991. 1–15

International Migration Review Vol 26 (2) Summer 1992 Special Double Issue on The New Europe and International Migration (N.B. Over 20 key articles and documents in this issue)

King, Russell (ed) Mass Migration in Europe: the Legacy and the Future (London: Bellhaven Press, 1993)

Kolstø, Pål (1993) ‘The new Russian diaspora: minority protection in the Soviet successor states’, Journal of Peace Research, 30 (2)

Kolstø, Pål (1995). Russians in the former Soviet republics, London: Hurst

Kolstø, Pål (1996) ‘The new Russian diaspora - an identity of its own? Possible identity trajectories for Russians in the former Soviet Republics’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 19 (3), 609-639

Laitin, D.D. (1995) ‘Identity in formation: the Russian speaking nationality in the post-Soviet diaspora’, Archives Européenes de Sociologie, 36 (2), 281-316

Layard, Richard et al (1992) East–West migration: The alternatives Cambrdige, MA: MIT Press HC2130.E2

Lutz, W. (Ed.) Future Demographic Trends in Europe and North America (London: Academic Press, 1991) (on order)

Markowitz, F. (1996) ‘Living in Limbo – Bosnian Muslim refugees in Israel’, Human Organisation, 55 (2), 127-132

Melvin, N. (1994) ‘Forging the new Russian nation: Russian foreign policy and the Russian-speaking communities of the former USSR, Chatham House Discussion Paper, 50, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs

Melvin, N. (1998) ‘Elites of North Eastern Kazakstan in a new geo-political context, 1989-93’ in Richard Sakwa (ed.) Regional issues in post-Soviet states, London: Macmillan

Melvin, N. (1998) ‘Russians: diaspora and the end of Empire’ in Neil J. Melvin (ed.), Nations abroad: diaspora and national identity in the former Soviet Union, Boulder, CO: Westview

Morokvasic, Mirjana and Anne de Tinguey (1993) ‘Between East and West: A New Migratory Space’ in in Hedwig Rudolph and Mirjana Morokvasic (eds) Bridging States and Markets: International Migration in the Early 1990s, Berlin: Ed. Sigma, 245–264 HC2000.B7

Peachy, Paul (1994) ‘Reflections from rolling ridge: in the post-Soviet era - Christendom or diaspora?’, Religion in Eastern Europe, 14 (2)

Pilkington, Hilary (1998) Migration, displacement and identity in post-Soviet Russia London: Routledge*

Polykov, Alexei and Igor Ushkalov ‘Migrations in socialist and post-socialist Russia’ in Robin Cohen (ed) The Cambridge survey of world migration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 490–495

Reczynska, A. (1996) ‘The picture of the emigration and Polish communities abroad as propagated by the Polish People’s Republic’, Przegald Pologijny, 22 (1), 61-74

Rudolph, Hedwig and Sabine Hüber (199s) ‘Repatriates–Guest Workers–Immigrants: Legacies and challenges for German politics’, in Hedwig Rudolph and Mirjana Morokvasic (eds) Bridging States and Markets: International Migration in the Early 1990s, Berlin: Ed. Sigma, 265–289 HC2000.B7

Schierup, C-U. (1995) ‘Former Yugoslavia: long waves of international migration”, in R Cohen (ed.) The Cambridge surevey of world migration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 285-88

Shlapentokh, V., Sendich, M., Payin, E., and Melvin, N. (1995) ‘The new Russian diaspora: Russian minorities in the former Soviet republics’, World Today, 51 (11), 224-225

Shlapentokh, V.et al. (eds.) (1994) The New Russian diaspora: Russian minorities in the former Soviet republics, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe

Smith, G. (1994) The Baltic states: the national self-determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, London: Macmillan

Smith, G. (1998) ‘Homelands recodified. Post-Colonialism and the Russian Diaspora in the Post-Soviet States’ in D. Greogory and D. Clayton (eds) Colonialism, post-colonialism and the production of citizenship, Oxford: Blackwell

Smith, G. and Andrew Wilson (1997) ‘Rethinking the post-Soviet Russian diaspora: the potential for political mobilisation in Eastern Ukraine and North-East Estonia’, Europe-Asia Studies, 49 (5), 845-864

Smith, G. et al (1998) Nation-building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands, Cambridge: CUP

Sword, K. Davies, N. and Ciechanowski, J. (1989) The formation of the Polish community in Britain, 1939-1950, London: University of London

Szulc, T (1993?)’The Great Soviet Exodus’ National Geographic 181 (2), 40-65

Widgren, Jonas (1994) ‘Trends in current East–West migration and the need for new policies’ Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences, 7 (2) 1994, 111–116

Williams, G. H (ed.) (1980) The Polish brethen: documentation of the history and thought of Unitarianism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the diaspora, 1601-1685, Missoula, MT: Scholars Press

Wixman, Ron (1993) ‘The middle Volga: ethnic archipelago in a Russian sea’ in Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras (eds) Nations and politics in the Soviet successor states, Cambridge: Cambride University Press

Zevelev, I. and Lapidus, G. W. (1996) ‘Russia and the Russian diasporas’, Post-Soviet Affairs, 12 (3)
Self-check: You should be able to distinguish between co-ethnic, refugee and econmic migrants from the former Soviet Union. You will have some knowledge of other East-European countries migration since 1989 and will be able to make a judgement on the possible dimensions of current East–West migration and discuss its political sensitivity in the ‘West’.