Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan State Agrarian University Department of Agrochemistry subject: Agrochemistry topic: Application of gypsum and lime Lecturer

Turş torpaqların əhənglənməsi

Liming of acid soils
Liming - The application of the element calcium in the form of carbonates to the soil to neutralize the acidity. It is a method of chemical reclamation, which not only eliminates soil acidity, but also improves its agrochemical, agrophysical, biological properties, provides plants with calcium and magnesium, regulates the mobilization and immobilization of macro and microelements in the soil, the physical development of agricultural crops. , water-physical properties of air, etc. creates optimal conditions for improving regimes.

Experts have found the following negative properties in acid soils: a) soils have high acidity; b) deficiency of N, P2O5 and K2O mobile forms; c) low levels of mobile forms of trace elements; d) deterioration of agrochemical, agro-physical and physical properties of soil; e) increase in the amount of mobile forms of aluminum; f) reduction of soil biological activity; j) the negative impact of high hydrogen concentration on the root system of plants, metabolism and physical and chemical condition of the protoplasm; l) development of fungi that adversely affect biological activity; m) active mobilization of toxic heavy metals.

Positive processes that occur after the application of liming in acid soils: a) metabolic acidity is removed from the soil, hydrolytic acidity is reduced, the cation content of TUK is improved; b) microbiological processes are activated; c) increased nitrogen fixation (symbiotic, associative and free-living bacteria increase); d) NO3-, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, mobile P2O5, etc. increases; e) Al, Mn, etc. the amount of toxic forms of the elements decreases; f) Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, etc. excess penetration into plants is reduced; j) N, P, Ca, S, Mg, Mo, etc. assimilation by plants is normal; l) the quality of humus improves; m) water-physical properties of soil (water capacity, water permeability, etc.) improve; p) the efficiency of mineral fertilizers increases; k) immobilization of heavy metals increases; h) productivity and quality of cultivated plants increase.

The following conditions must be observed to increase the efficiency of liming:

1) Determination of soil acidity; 2) determination of the attitude of plants in rotation to liming; 3) correct determination of the dose of lime to be applied; 4) coordination of the ratio of lime to be applied with the application of organic and mineral fertilizers; 5) equal application of lime fertilizers to the fields. It is expedient to carry out calcification works only on the basis of the results obtained after agrochemical analysis of soil samples taken from the fields.

The positive effect of lime on soil and plants depends on many factors:

1) dose, duration and methods of application of lime;

2) type and quality of lime fertilizers;

3) sensitivity of cultivated plants to lime;

4) soil properties and granulometric composition;

5) the ratio of lime to the applied fertilizer.

Experts have found that liming not only increases plant productivity, but also improves its quality.