Model Exam a a-language functions
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-How manyfish did you catch? -How manyfishes can you name?(kinds) –I have eaten much fish. (meat) - بعض الصفات إذا سبقها the تتحول إلى اسم جمع و يليها فعل جمع.the public/ the poor/ the rich/ the dead/ the deaf / the sick spend+ time + ing / take + time + to inf similar (to)/ the same (as)/ alike -كلمة alike لا يليها اسم و كلمتا like/ unlike بمعنى مثل- عكس يمكن ان تبدأ بهما الجملة و لا يمكن أن تبدأ بكلمة dislike *** -لاحظ العلاقة بين فعلى كل جملة من الاتى: جميع الجمل فى زمن الماضى: -While they were having lunch, they were listening to music.تزامن -While they were reading, the light went out. تقاطع -After they had had (had) lunch, they had tea.تتابع او ترتيب -No soonerhadhe left the car, than it exploded. (Hardly…….…when….…..) (Scarcely……….when…….) -استخدم الماضى التام بعد هذه الافعال: realized/ found/ discovered/ knew/ thought/ understood …had+p.p Ex: When I saw her, I realized that she had lost the game. -Having seen her, he left the hall. –She didn't go to bed until/ till she had read the report. -While they were playing, it started to rain. ( while = as= just as) -While having lunch, I received two calls. (while = on) -During + اسم
-I have already finished reading the book.= I have finished reading the book already. (إثباتalready) -We haven't yet painted the wall.=We haven't painted the wall yet. (نفىyet) - Welcomr back, Ali. Where have you ……? ( been- gone- seen – done) - since+ time+ ago/ I haven't visited Aswan since 15 years ago. 9 It's two years since I last visited Luxor. = I last visited Luxor two years ago. - عكس expensive هو inexpensive لكن invaluable تساوى valuable Units 4,5,6 The passive عند اختيار فعل مبنى للمجهول 1-حدد من حيث المعنى العلاقة بين بداية الجملة و فعل الاختيارات 2-اذا كانت علاقة فعل و مفعول استبعد الاتى: -اى اختيار من كلمة واحدة- اى اختيار ينتهى ب ing ثم اى اختيار لا يحتوى على am,is,are,was,were,be,been,being كما فى المثال: -The fields……right now. (irrigate-are irrigating- are being irrigated- have been irrigated) -The fields……since this morning. (irrigate-are irrigating- are being irrigated- have been irrigated) say, think, believe, know في وجود that أبدا ب it وبين it و that يكون is, was, has been, had been +p.p وإذا بدأت الجملة بغير it استخدمto كالاتى
It is thought that../ It was thought that…./ It has been thought that…./ It had been thought that….. -The criminal is thought……last night. (to arrest- to be arrested- to have arrested- to have been arrested) -The police are said……the gang last night.(to arrest-to be arrested-to have arrested-to have been arrested) -The minister is thought……the factory tomorrow.(to visit-to have visited-to be visited-to have been visited) -She is said…….by the doctor soon. (to examine-to be examined-to have examined-to have been examined) ***** -هذه الكلمات تساوى if ---provided(that) , providing(that) , as long as, in case -لاحظ ان if تساوى whether في الكلام الغير مباشر. ولاحظ أيضا whether or not - كلمة in case of تساوى if ولكن ياتى بعدها جملة اسمية. هذه الكلمات معناها if not
Type Zero -لوصف الحقائق العلمية و الكونية بشرط التعميم- كما تصف عادات المتكلم I كما في الأمثلة: if = when - If plants don't get water, they die. تعميم / If my plants don't get water, they will die.تحديد -If the moonis between the earth and the sun, there is a solar eclipse.تعميم دائما -If she works hard, she'll come first. = Should she work hard, she'll come first.(Type 1) -If she put her glasses on the table, she'd see them. (Type 2)= Should she put her................ –If he did his best, he wouldcome first. = Were he to do his best,….(Type 2) -If I were you, I'd sleep early.= Were I you, I'd sleep early. (Type 2) -If I had a car, I'dpick you up. =HadI a car, I'd ...(Type 2) لاحظ عدم وجود التصريف الثالث -If we hadhad enough money, we'dhavebought a car. (Type 3) =Had we had enough money,…… -…..you followed my advice, you wouldn'thaveregretted. (If- Had)لأنها الحالة الثالثة -If I......, I would have advised her not to go. (had asked- hadbeenasked)المعنى -If I......, I would advise her not to go. (asked- wasasked)المعنى انتبه in height= high/ in length= long/ in width= wide/ in depth= deep What height= How high/ What length= How long/ What depth= How deep/ What width= How wide **** Units 7, 8, 9 Reported speech الجملة الخبرية
السؤال
الامر و الطلب
ملاحظات عامة -اختار الفاعل ثم الفعل دائما: -Mona asked Amr where…….the night before. (he had been – had he been) -اختار الماضى ما عدا بعد افعال القول الاتية: has just said/ said just now / said a moment ago -Amr asked Sara where…….(she is- she was – is she – was she) -The teacher has just said that he……..the following day.(he won't come- he wouldn't come) -اختار whether ولا تختار if اذا كان بعدها or not -I wondered……..or not Sara would attend the party. (if- weather- whether – where) -اختار الماضى التام had+p.p فى جملة since او السؤال المنتهى ب before -Amr wanted to know where…….since we last met. (I was- was I – I had been- had I been ) -اختار s + would فى الجملة المنتهية ب the following day/ week…. -Mother asked Amr where……..the following weekend. (he had spent- he would spend) -اختار wondered و ليس wandered - اختار whether و ليس weather -اداة الربط that اختيارية يجوز حذفها..... لاحظ: -AlitoldMona he was ill. AlisaidMona was ill. -لاحظ الجملة الاتية: -The librarian……me where I could find the sci-fi books. (told- asked) The adjective and the adverb
-هناك adverbs ending in (ly) و لكنها لا تصف حركة و لا حتى اسم و لكن تبدا بها الجملة: Luckily- Unluckily – Fortunately- Unfortunately – Interestingly- Personally-Theoretically-Currently
am to/ is to/ are to / was to/ were to + inf لإعطاء تعليمات- ما ينبغي القيام به / لوصف ترتيبات ر سمية -You are to finish this report today./ I am to lend her the money. / He is to finish today الاستنتاج (المعنى و الزمن)
- You mustn't park here.= you aren't allowed to park here.ممنوع - We mustn't forget that tourism is important fir Egypt.للتذكير و التحذير بقوة - There is a no-smoking sign. You must stop smoking.قاعدة او قانون - must = strong advice: You must wash your hands before you eat.للنصيحة بقوة - must = warm invitation: You must come and see us at the weekend.للدعوة بحرارة - must = strong reminder: We must buy souvenirsfor our friends here.للتذكير بقوة -should/ ought to/ must النصيحة Units 10, 11, 12 Wish/ If only -I wish to have coffee. ثلاثة صور للفعل في التمني بعد wish/ If only
-يمكن ان نستخدم جملة واحدة بعد if only و لكن نستخدم جملتين بعد if, unless, only if -……I were on the beach with my friends. (If only- Only if- If- Unless) -استخدم could مع I, We واستخدم would, could مع بفية الضمائر مع استخدام would فقط قبل هذه الافعال: prefer/ love/ like, mind, be able to -I wish I……be able to meet her. (would- could) -لتمنى الرغبة او الارادة استخدم would و استخدم could لتمنى القدرة.-Ali has a lot of money. I wish he…lend me. (would- could) -I regretnot meeting her. I wish I……her. ( met- had met- hadn't met- didn't meet) -I wish I……with my friends on the beach now. (had been- were- would be- could be) had been + ing Yüklə 0,5 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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