Monitoring and common exchange

II - PRESENTATION BY OLIVIER SIDLER
II-1 PRESENTATION
Monitoring is not a new technic but it has evolved since 15 years.

The first monitorings were focus on the envelope (insulation).

But now two important parameters have been identified: human behaviour and air leakages through the envelop especially in very efficient buildings.

For example, an inside temperature of 24°C leads to an increase of 50% of the energy consumption by comparison with a building with an inside temperature of 19°C.

In efficient buildings, heat flux are more important between dwellings of different temperature than heat flowing through the envelop of the building.
Enertech tries a lot of new monitoring systems. The aim is to know what it is working and what is not working. The aim of Concerto is not to say that everything is OK.
In each building: every energy consumption is measured  global results

Weather station.

In dwelling: measurements of temperature, humidity, Inside Air Quality, ventilation (every 10min), heat meter with pulse transmitter for each kwh.

Measurement of the temperature at the entry./exit of hot water network; DHW (including solar part) = measurement of the water flow of the solar panel (every 10min, 1h, 4h); cold water consumption.

Measurements of ventilation: consumption of the fan (high consumption) and air flow.

Electrical consumption in 15% of the dwellings:

Electric meter at the entry of the dwellings

Measurements in common area in all buildings.

Heat meter on each boiler + wood quantity that is delivered, pump and regulation consumption (may be important in efficient buildings)
Results express in kWh/m2 (global consumption and consumption by uses)

Greenhouse effect gases balance

Evaluation of the winter/summer comfort

Reconstitution of the thermal and energy balance

Analysis of the occupancy modes and human behaviour
Presentation of the cumulative frequency

Relative contribution of the different loads

Zaragoza and Lyon are complementary: Zaragoza is focusing on the envelop and Lyon on the different loads in the dwellings

 interesting synthesis

II-2 QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PRESENTATION

Rodrigo Vásquez: How do you know that an increase of 1°C in the building implies an increase of 15% of the energy consumption?

Olivier Sidler : simple calculations and dynamical simulations  12% to 15% of energy consumption increase (can reach 20% in positive energy buildings). In the future, the deviations in consumption will come from the temperature value in buildings.
In Lyon Confluence: when the measurements will be done, keeping in mind that good results can be obtained one year after the delivery? : It is right. New buildings contain a large quantity of concrete to dry. But it is not possible to wait one year before beginning the monitoring. In Lyon, there will be 3 months before the beginning of the monitoring.
What low consumption means in term of figures? : In France a consumption of 80 kWh/m2/year (heating needs express in primary energy)

In Lyon Confluence the target is 60 kWh/m2/h, which was ambitious in 2003.

But today a low consumption building means less than 50 kWh/m2/year

German label PassivHaus < 20 kWh/m2/year

But DHW can represent three times the consumption for heating. We must work on DHW, and especially on the recovery of the heat from used water.
In Lyon, inhabitants will have access to the measurements made in their dwellings. In agreement with builder, the inhabitants will have a detailed report with advices plus a gift from the builder. But these results must be explained.
What is the global budget of this kind of monitoring? Around 1500 sensors will be installed. But Enertech began 15 years ago on monitoring, and it had developed its own sensors.

For this project, the budget is 260 k€ which is not very expensive regarding the number of sensors

For human behaviour: will a global meeting be done with inhabitants? What happened if an inhabitant installs its own air conditioning system?

2 kind of information will be given: a booklet will be given to all the inhabitant of the Concerto building and another booklet will be given to the inhabitants of the district with exhaustive information.

Global meeting will be done with all inhabitants to give them the reasons of the project.
How to reduce consumption of household appliance? A lot of measurements had been done including the new appliances like lcd screen, computers. It is not the aim of Concerto to reduce the energy consumption. Information is given to the inhabitants that are free to use efficient appliances or not. The aim of the measurements in Concerto is to evaluate the thermal energy supply by these facilities.

WP2 – Monitoring exchange between Lyon & Zaragoza communities –

Technical session Minutes - 28th April 2009- Lyon