Monitoring and Prediction of the Earth’s Climate: a future Perspective
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Keywords: Geo-information; Use; Geo-information technology; People; Market lens; Polis lens; Values; Practices; Rules; Use of spatial plans; Government and public administration
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WY3-4NRK6S7-F/2/050663cb176f0535c22de28c95935c95) Abstract: The A.C.E. psychological examination was administered to 637 men and 669 women at West Virginia State College from 1931 to 1937. The total scores revealed no significant sex difference in terms of range, highest and lowest scores, means, medians, standard deviations, or variability. In the sub-tests, the men were significantly superior in completion and arithmetic, and the women in artificial language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) Keywords: STUDENT, NEGRO, SEX DIFFERENCES, INTELLIGENCE; SEX ACTIVITY, DIFFERENCES, INTELLIGENCE, NEGRO STUDENT; NEGRO ADJUSTMENT, STUDENT, INTELLIGENCE, SEX DIFFERENCES; GENERAL SOCIAL PROCESSES (INCL. ESTHETICS)
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WH4-4FY515Y-1H5/2/b30614d1cfcdfdaad91c0528bb48979b) Abstract: Particle collections by paired rotoslide surfaces coated differentially with either of two silicone greases, white petrolatum or Lubriseal, were compared in two series of studies. Three samplers were employed, and adhesives were assigned randomly to the six available positions. Recovery differences were small but occasionally significant, with counts generally highest for silicone grease and lower with Lubriseal. During natural and simulated rainfall relative performances were similar, although differences were accentuated. N. Fukuta, B. J. Mason, Epitaxial growth of ice on organic crystals, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 1963, Pages 715-718, ISSN 0022-3697, DOI: 10.1016/0022-3697(63)90217-8. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXR-46SWGG2-14/2/697d5327fffe54afb6e343278743cab8) Abstract: The epitaxial growth of ice crystals on organic crystalline substrates has been studied in some detail and is illustrated by a number of photographs. The highest temperature at which ice crystals appear on a particular substance is very close to the threshold temperature at which an aerosol of the same substance nucleates a supercooled soap film. The most effective substances are the steroids, several of which form ice crystals at temperatures close to -1[degree sign]C. The ice-nucleating ability of these compounds does not appear to be closely related to their lattice dimensions but the presence and arrangement of hydrogen-bonding groups on their surfaces seems to be an important factor. Ice crystals appear preferentially at steps and cracks on the surface where OH groups are likely to be exposed. Nicos Christodoulakis, Martin Weale, Imperfect competition in an open economy, Journal of Policy Modeling, Volume 14, Issue 5, October 1992, Pages 599-629, ISSN 0161-8938, DOI: 10.1016/0161-8938(92)90032-8. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V82-45SJCX9-3/2/5c4de11d6897a788abfd7f630a5c900d) A.S. Alexanian, T.L. Asatiani, A.O. Gasparian, L.A. Jirova, L.A. Genina, V.A. Ivanov, G.K. Megrabian, G.G. Mkrtchian, R.N. Pikhtelev, M.I. Dayon, A.D. Kamenski, F.F. Kayumov, V.A. Kramarenko, G.L. Melkumov, M.N. Khachaturian, Arrangement for study of [pi]0-photoproduction on 4He nuclei, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Volume 148, Issue 2, 15 January 1978, Pages 251-256, ISSN 0029-554X, DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(70)90174-6. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B73DN-4718C6B-CS/2/f352fc1d8dbc327b3d83b2990a482eea) Abstract: An experimental arrangement designed for the study of [pi]0-photoproduction on the nuclei of helium gas at small momentum transfers (the kinetic energy of the recoil nuclei T[alpha]kim = 1-20 MeV) is described. The arrangement consists of a recoil nucleus detector which is a self-triggering helium spark chamber and a [pi]0-meson detector which is a combination of total absorption Cherenkov spectrometers, wide gap spark chambers and scintillation counters. By this arrangement the reaction [gamma]+4He-->4He+[pi]0 has been investigated and for the energy interval E[gamma] = 1.5-4.5 GeV a value of the cross section has been obtained integrated over the angular interval [theta][pi]0lab = 2[degree sign]-8[degree sign] equal to (0.28+/-0.02) [mu]b (statistical errors). O. Saur, J. Travert, J. C. Lavalley, N. Sheppard, Determination de l'anharmonicite de la vibration de cisaillement [delta](CH2) : Etude de la resonance de Fermi entre le niveau de la vibration symetrique VS(CH2) et celui de l'harmonique 2[delta](CH2), Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 243-252, ISSN 0584-8539, DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(73)80068-6. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6THM-44K7W03-FK/2/15069f30ccbfb9c4b68a259a5bae8e5d) , Motor phenomena and action, Psychological Bulletin, Volume 22, Issue 9, September 1925, Pages 516-521, ISSN 0033-2909, DOI: 10.1037/h0064581. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WY5-4NSXCSX-5/2/3be4460f786dff4eba5e53eb36b9972b) Abstract: Presents a collection of German and English language journal abstracts on motor phenomena and action published between 1923 and 1924. Topics include movement therapy, physical demands of work and work physiology, morphology and temperament, and competition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) Keywords: motor phenomena; action
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WB5-4DW2DTY-GJ/2/4c1bc5e591afc367e3cd37b2aa591922) Abstract: A correlation of structure vs. thyroxine-like activity for 47 analogs of thyroxine, of structure A, has been attempted where X, X' = halogen, H, CH3, NO2; R' = H or CH3; R = ionizable groups as alanyl, ---COOH, etc. It is proposed that: 1. 1. The thyromimetic activities of these analogs in amphibia and mammalia are related to the electronic character of the diphenyl ether nucleus, as affected by the abilities of the groups X, X', and OR' to attract or release electrons, with electron-releasing groups favoring higher activity.2. 2. The abilities of the substituents X and X' to form hydrogen bonds influence thyromimetic response, activity increasing with enhanced ability to form such bonds.3. 3. Activity is related to the pK of the side chain, R. The empirical nature of the correlation is stressed and its deficiencies and possible uses are noted.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V52-4S80CXJ-1/2/83824e48af13f110c673a1b8b70fa665) Abstract: An initiative was undertaken by the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) on 10-11 December 2007 to shed new light on the various threats to long-term sustainability on Earth using an interdisciplinary approach. The main objective of this conference was to analyse how space could be a tool for prediction, management or mitigation of threats and risks in six sectors (environment, security, mobility, knowledge, resources and energy) defined by ESPI as the main areas for sustainability. For each sector, one (non-space) speaker from a think-tank covering the respective sector and two speakers from the space sector exchanged views and ideas in order to identify common needs for action to ensure sustainability in the field. Such a dialogue between sector specialist and space experts permitted a detailed examination of the way space has become a crucial tool in solving a variety of today's problems. It also identified areas where space applications could better respond to sectoral and future challenges. Timothy Cathcart, Kim Fowler, David Tyler, Systems Engineering in Military Projects, In: Edited by and Kim Fowler, Editor(s), Mission-Critical and Safety-Critical Systems Handbook, Newnes, Boston, 2010, Pages 461-570, ISBN 978-0-7506-8567-2, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-8567-2.00006-8. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8P58-4XH0JTT-6/2/8a6e0e6f7de07d3793e0bcc0068294a6) Ylva Lindqvist, Gunter Schneider, Thiamin diphosphate dependent enzymes: transketolase, pyruvate oxidase and pyruvate decarboxylase, Current Opinion in Structural Biology, Volume 3, Issue 6, 1993, Pages 896-901, ISSN 0959-440X, DOI: 10.1016/0959-440X(93)90153-C. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VS6-488FR39-C/2/a5be3284f8b494c67350295e70d9ff48) Abstract: The past few years have brought significant advances in our understanding of thiamin diphosphate dependent enzymes. The determination of the three-dimensional structures of transketolase, pyruvate oxidase and pyruvate decarboxylase has revealed a common thiamin-binding fold and provided the first structural insights into enzymatic thiamin catalysis. Gordon Winocur, Functional dissociation within the caudate nucleus of rats, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, Volume 86, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 432-439, ISSN 0021-9940, DOI: 10.1037/h0036152. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B8H4J-4NT44T0-7/2/988854c9fd339b70439cc5f593e5643a) Abstract: Reports results of 3 experiments with a total of 134 male albino rats. Ss with posteroventral caudate nucleus lesions were impaired, relative to controls, on 1-way, 2-way, and passive avoidance conditioning; anterodorsal caudate lesions interfered only with 2-way and passive avoidance learning. The anterodorsal group was significantly more impaired than the posteroventral group on the 2-way task, and there were also important differences in passive avoidance learning. Enhancement of positive and negative cues in a 2-way avoidance task selectively benefited the anterodorsal group. It is concluded that the caudate nucleus was functionally dissociated with respect to avoidance conditioning. The importance of the caudate nucleus in motor control and spatial orientation is discussed. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) Keywords: posteroventral caudate nucleus lesions, 1- &; 2-way passive avoidance learning, male rats
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V52-4PB75HF-2/2/0f3ffc30052002e03ab5f3e7280708e8) Abstract: In reviewing the past 50 years of international space cooperation, much of it stunningly successful, some bedevilled by difficulties, the author notes that `space' can now only be understood as a complex area of widely varied sectors, further complicated by different funding sources and dual-use activities. While scientists were the initial drivers of cooperation, their flourishing programmes risk losing government funding to the grandiose manned missions being envisaged. Such funding is strongly reliant on political will rather than on the merits of any particular programme, something that, until recently with the GEO, has been particularly evident in earth observations. A major problem has been countries' efforts to secure some minor national advantage at the expense of the bigger picture. But for international space cooperation truly to benefit humanity, a greater acceptance of working for the common good and more efficient programme management (no duplication) will be required. European Space Policy Institute and Space Policy Institute, Reinvigorating transatlantic space relations: The joint ESPI-SPI memorandum, Space Policy, Volume 24, Issue 3, August 2008, Pages 119-123, ISSN 0265-9646, DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2008.06.009. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V52-4T1SFPT-1/2/0be78cfc56ce1b981290f6f1ee3dcd2f) Abstract: The transatlantic partnership between Europe and the USA is the oldest alliance in space but its nature has changed as a result of both external political factors and `internal' developments in space-related capabilities. Urging a new dialogue on US-European cooperation in space, the leading space policy research institutes on both sides of the Atlantic demonstrate the ways in which the cooperative relationship has changed and lay out the issues that must be addressed if it is to continue on a sound footing. That it should do so, they argue, is essential to both sides' prosperity and security. Elliot M. Gross, Preparation for court, Human Pathology, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 1972, Pages 97-105, ISSN 0046-8177, DOI: 10.1016/S0046-8177(72)80059-5. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WGD-4WD376N-G/2/adfe816c67c594d5e50d874095a9501f) Abstract: The community pathologist is frequently called upon to perform a medicolegal autopsy. Suggestions are given in regard to the performance of the examination, the retention of evidence, and the compilation of reports in preparation for legal proceedings. Theo Vennemann, Peter Ladefoged, Phonetic features and phonological features, Lingua, Volume 32, Issues 1-2, September 1973, Pages 61-74, ISSN 0024-3841, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3841(73)90004-1. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6H-468DR0F-1T/2/b035e4c95bc5391f81bef431eb1b5ea3) P. Ehrenfreund, N. Peter, Toward a paradigm shift in managing future global space exploration endeavors, Space Policy, Volume 25, Issue 4, November 2009, Pages 244-256, ISSN 0265-9646, DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2009.09.004. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V52-4XHC6J7-1/2/8c0974aae1f95ada1f85afefde858213) Abstract: This paper analyzes the objectives and activities of space exploration programs, and presents action plans and guidelines for a future sustainable global space exploration platform. While new cooperative mechanisms have emerged in recent decades, the now-unfolding era of global space exploration will lead to new models of cooperation, reflecting the legacy of partnerships and the evolution of a global endeavor. Consequently, the successful alignment of national and international stakeholders along lines drawn by commonality of purpose will be crucial to achieve a basis for marshalling sufficient resources for ambitious space projects, and to create necessary new political, economic, and legal frameworks. For the development of a successful global space exploration program, traditional approaches may need to be supplanted by a new paradigm including focus on information exchange, organizational knowledge, and human capital - as practiced in high-performance organizations (HPOs) - that go well beyond the current international working groups and multinational space efforts. P.M. Teillet, G. Fedosejevs, K.J Thome, John L. Barker, Impacts of spectral band difference effects on radiometric cross-calibration between satellite sensors in the solar-reflective spectral domain, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 110, Issue 3, 15 October 2007, Pages 393-409, ISSN 0034-4257, DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.003. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V6V-4NMKVN3-1/2/9d569f0eff7706f6bd8ab651ae1be932) Abstract: In order for quantitative applications to make full use of the ever-increasing number of Earth observation satellite systems, data from the various imaging sensors involved must be on a consistent radiometric scale. This paper reports on an investigation of radiometric calibration errors due to differences in spectral response functions between satellite sensors when attempting cross-calibration based on near-simultaneous imaging of common ground targets in analogous spectral bands, a commonly used post-launch calibration methodology. Twenty Earth observation imaging sensors (including coarser and higher spatial resolution sensors) were considered, using the Landsat solar reflective spectral domain as a framework. Scene content was simulated using spectra for four ground target types (Railroad Valley Playa, snow, sand and rangeland), together with various combinations of atmospheric states and illumination geometries. Results were obtained as a function of ground target type, satellite sensor comparison, spectral region, and scene content. Overall, if spectral band difference effects (SBDEs) are not taken into account, the Railroad Valley Playa site is a 'good' ground target for cross calibration between most but not all satellite sensors in most but not all spectral regions investigated. 'Good' is defined as SBDEs within +/- 3%. The other three ground target types considered (snow, sand and rangeland) proved to be more sensitive to uncorrected SBDEs than the RVPN site overall. The spectral characteristics of the scene content (solar irradiance, surface reflectance and atmosphere) are examined in detail to clarify why spectral difference effects arise and why they can be significant when comparing different imaging sensor systems. Atmospheric gas absorption features are identified as being the main source of spectral variability in most spectral regions. The paper concludes with recommendations on spectral data and tools that would facilitate cross-calibration between multiple satellite sensors. Keywords: Radio calibration; Sensor cross-calibration; Spectral bands
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WB5-4DW2BTG-2C/2/9ac68c25b6241243f97f6e0e51fcadee) Abstract: The total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content per cell, the ratios of the purine and pyrimidine bases, and the chromatographic profiles on ECTEOLA-cellulose anion exchangers of DNA preparations from normal mouse spleen, spontaneous lymphomas, diploid and tetraploid lymphomas and carcinomas, and amelanotic and melanotic melanomas have been investigated. The total DNA content was related to the chromosome numbers of the tumor cells. The DNA chromatographic profiles of the above tissues were not significantly different. The molar base ratios of the purines and pyrimidines were also quite similar. Robin A Wallace, Studies on amphibian yolk IV. An analysis of the main-body component of yolk platelets, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Volume 74, 1963, Pages 505-518, ISSN 0006-3002, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)91393-3. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B73G9-4894KS1-JY/2/43dc0b213d18a75a3eeb4a9b7699c1af) Abstract: A procedure for the separation and isolation of Components S and F from the insoluble main-body fraction of isolated yolk platelets is described. The principal features of this procedure involve an ammonium sulfate precipitation and a minimum contact with oxidizing agents. Chemical, physical, and amino acid analyses have been performed on the two components. It has been found that Component S is a phosphoprotein (phosphorus = 8.4%, molecular weight = 32 000) similar to phosvitin and Component F is a lipoprotein (lipid = 17.5%, molecular weight = 420 000) similar to lipovitellin. These two components have accordingly been designated as amphibian phosvitin and lipovitellin, respectively. It has been further determined that there are two molecules of phosvitin for every molecule of lipovitellin in the main-body crystal, and that the phosvitin molecules are arranged in a simple hexagonal lattice. With these considerations, a definition of the structural unit and the unit cell of the main-body crystal has been proposed, and a tentative model for the crystalline structure has been presented. C. J. Swain, A FORTRAN IV program for interpolating irregularly spaced data using the difference equations for minimum curvature, Computers & Geosciences, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1976, Pages 231-240, ISSN 0098-3004, DOI: 10.1016/0098-3004(76)90071-6. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V7D-48CFTY5-30/2/26c436fd66fc1f3d8d6de5fa89de741f) Abstract: The interpolation of potential field data is a common problem in geophysics. It is accomplished each time a contour map or profile is drawn. These operations can be difficult and subjective if the data points are irregularly spaced. The method described here produces a 'numerical surface', or grid of values, that approaches the smoothest surface passing through the control points. Such a grid can be contoured automatically by standard routines, producing acceptable results. Alternatively, sections can be drawn through the surface on any azimuth--a more satisfactory procedure for constructing profiles than projecting the data points onto straight lines. Keywords: FORTRAN; Interpolation; Contour maps; Geophysics
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V52-4XDFDPF-3/2/57a0742c58e8f1defa1e807319bde488) Abstract: Despite the global financial crisis, which dominated 2008 and the first half of 2009, Estonia has decided to invest in a space programme. Estonia has extensive experience in the field of astrophysics and has developed capacities in various areas of remote sensing applications. It is on its way to becoming an active ESA partner. This article examines how Estonia is setting its way as a space nation and describes the new context and the role that various bodies are playing in the process. The paper describes the vision and strategy for space activities in the country. An overview of the possible measures to be taken to support the enterprises and scientific institutions with the highest potential for space cooperation is discussed, as are various risks in making progress in the space field, and measures for overcoming these. A. F. Linev, B. N. Markov, A. A. Pleve, S. M. Polikanov, The formation of a spontaneously fissioning isomer in the capture of neutrons by Am, Nuclear Physics, Volume 63, Issue 1, March 1965, Pages 173-176, ISSN 0029-5582, DOI: 10.1016/0029-5582(65)90860-6. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B73DR-471XM9H-3S/2/2b4c2c7067d5b8c143bae58d24dc135d) Abstract: The formation of a spontaneously fissioning isomer was observed during the irradiation of Am243 with 14 MeV neutrons. The cross-section for the Am243 (n, 2n) Am242 reaction is about 0.15 mb. The results of this work together with the data previously obtained lead to the conclusion that an isotope of Am242 in an isomeric state undergoes spontaneous fission. Keywords: Radioactivity Alain Dupas, John M. Logsdon, Creating a productive international partnership in the Vision for Space Exploration, Space Policy, Volume 23, Issue 1, February 2007, Pages 24-28, ISSN 0265-9646, DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2006.11.003. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V52-4MV1H64-4/2/ee6e3fa9e6cef3ce4485ca48fc99d6a4) Abstract: When US President George W. Bush on 14 January 2004 announced a new US 'Vision for Space Exploration', he called for international participation in 'a journey, not a race', a call received with skepticism and concern elsewhere. But, after a slow start in implementing this directive, during 2006 NASA has increased the forward momentum of action on the program and of discussions on international cooperation in exploring 'the Moon, Mars, and beyond'. There are nevertheless a number of significant top-level issues that must be addressed if a cooperative approach to human space exploration is to be pursued. These include the relationship between utilization of the ISS and the lunar exploration plans, integration of potential partners' current and future capabilities into the exploration plans, and the evolving space-related intentions of other countries. Yüklə 411,35 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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